Aeneas the Hero essays

Aeneas the Hero articles Regardless of his achievements and the magnificence related with his life, Aeneas just accomplished some awesome objective or status of a legend through heavenly intercession, and this inherent position causes him the same amount of misery as it does quality. What is a saint? A Courageous or Valorous man (Websters). We might want to feel that a legend is somebody who has accomplished some fabulous objective or status, or possibly somebody who has achieved an incredible undertaking. Legends wind up in circumstances of extraordinary weight and act with honorability and beauty. Despite the fact that the fundamental character of Virgils Aeneid, Aeneas is such an individual, it isn't by his own doings. He experiences circumstances in which demise is close, in which love; despise, harmony, and war meet up to cause both great and fiendishness. In these positions he maintains respect, by obliging what the divine beings have available for him. At exactly that point does he proceed to prepare for the Roman Empire. His deeds, activities, and initiative could never have become on the off chance that it were not for the divine beings. The divine beings checked out Aeneas, causing him hardship at times, giving his help with others. Overall, the divine beings continually give ideal chances to Aeneas to show his gallantry. Without them, Aeneas would not be the legend he is. This blessing doesn't come without a cost, however; he should persevere through the things saints suffer to become what they are. Notwithstanding his achievements and the magnificence related with his life, Aeneas just accomplishes the status of saint through heavenly mediation, and this inherent position causes him the same amount of anguish as it does wonder. Aeneas is the child of Venus. This reality alone realizes a great part of the saint in him. Venus is a concerned mother, continually paying special mind to her child she does all that she thinks will assist with persevering through his wellbeing and achievement. Toward the start of his excursion structure Troy, she forestalls his passing adrift when Juno convinced King Aeolus to c... <!

Crohns Disease Essay examples -- Health, Chronic Inflammation

At the point when somebody first discovers they have Crohn’s infection, they will most likely feel overpowered. There are such huge numbers of inquiries. Will I have the option to work, travel and exercise? Would it be advisable for me to be on an uncommon eating regimen? Could my drugs have symptoms? In what manner will Crohn’s malady transform me? The better educated they can turn into, the more prepared they will be to be a functioning part in your social insurance (Crohn’s and Colitis Foundation of America, 2009). Crohn’s ailment is an incessant issue of the stomach related framework. I can influence any zone of the gastrointestinal framework from the mouth to the rear-end. Its fiery procedure may spread to incorporate skin, eyes, joints, mouth and in some cases the liver (Chang, 2008). Guys and females seem, by all accounts, to be influenced proportionately. Crohn’s illness can happen in individuals of all ages, yet it is for the most part an ailment of teenagers and youthful grown-ups. Be that as it may, Crohn’s infection may happen in individuals more than 70 years of age and in little youngsters (Crohn’s and Colitis Foundation of America, 2009). â€Å"Crohn’s malady gives off an impression of being brought about by a useless fiery reaction in the gastrointestinal tract† (U. S. News, 2009). Irritation is the body’s regular approach to mend by sending insusceptible cells to the site of the injury or trespasser. Analysts believe that this insusceptible framework reaction might be activated by microscopic organisms or infections, material in the intestinal substance, or a blemished sign from the body’s own phones, called an immune system reaction. Aggravation brings about agony, warmth, redness, and expanding of the tissue. Incessant aggravation can hurt the capacity of tissues and organs (U.S. News, 2009). Crohn’s malady likewise seems to influence certain ethnic gatherings more than others. American Jews of European drop are four to multiple times bound to de... ...rica, 2009). Florida Gator P/David Lerner was simply as of late determined to have Crohn’s malady. He was prepared to begin practice season when he was analyzed. Lerner was going to turn into the beginning punter for the Gators and he figured this would most likely crash him. After comprise treatment the infection was leveled out, yet not gone. He had the option to begin for the group, and gain a grant. Lerner states, â€Å"Maybe I can’t eat two or three things to a great extent that I need to eat, however toward the day's end, it’s truly not the most exceedingly terrible thing in the world†(Washington Post, 2011). Individuals with Crohn’s infection acknowledge their condition in an unexpected way. Every individual with the infection must modify in their own specific manner, however they should alter. Despite the fact that there is no fix right now, inquire about is progressing and vows to improve the wellbeing and personal satisfaction for those with Crohn’s illness.

How to Write a College Essay - Some Useful Tips

How to Write a College Essay - Some Useful TipsThere are many tips and advice about how to write a college essay, but not all of them are useful. Even the most common tips can confuse some students. Before you begin writing your essay, be aware that it is important to do some research first. One tip for writing an essay is to gather as much information as possible about the topic you are writing about.In order to learn more about what you want to write about, go online and read up on what is being said on the whole thing. Look at other essays on the topic and determine what they did to make it better than yours. You can even try to make a small edit of your own and see if it makes a difference. If your essay is good, you should get a lot of feedback from your peers. You will be surprised at how often people will give you ideas or corrections of what you wrote.The best way to learn how to write a college essay is to take a class or look for a guidance counselor. Most English classes i nclude some sort of writing workshop and in most cases, this can help you out. This way, you will be taught about writing and how to practice what you learn in class.Make sure you do not settle for less than what you expect from yourself because the comments from the other students can be valuable. Also, you can join a writing workshop so that you can practice and improve your writing skills. You can write about anything on your mind and you will never know if it will come off correctly until you write it down. The best way to learn is to just take a class and do some writing.You can also use a word processing software for this task. This way, you can type up your essay and edit it later if needed. However, you will find it easier to just use a word processor for this reason alone.The last tip for how to write a college essay is to write out your essay as well as you can. Even if you have not yet studied English, you can still do this. When you go to do your final draft, try to incl ude all the things you learned in your class.You may find it helpful to discuss your essay with someone who knows English and ask him or her for a little advice about the topic. However, you must also be able to write it yourself. You can find several online resources that can help you out with this. This way, you will not have to rely on someone else's opinion.These are some of the best writing tips that can help you on how to write a college essay. The next time you are feeling stuck in your writing process, try using these ideas.

The risk of hedging in the banking world - Free Essay Example

Hedging is a risk management tool to offsetting the risk inherent of price in any cash market position by taking an equal but opposite position in the futures market. Hedging activities protect futures contract holder from fluctuations in the underlying assets price. Investors are benefit if the price of underlying asset moves in the same direction as what investors expected (Hedge Fund, 2009). Short hedge is a short selling by borrowing underlying asset such as commodity, security or financial instruments from a broker and selling it by using the future contract. It then later bought back at lower price and returned to the broker. Short hedge is used by investors as a technique to capture the profit or protect losses from the falling price of the underlying asset. If the price is moves as investors expectation of going down, the investors are then buy at lower price and sell at the higher pre-determined agreed price. Thus, the investors gain from the differences of buying at lower price and selling at higher price. Furthermore, short selling can increase the liquidity in the market as investors can sell short the underlying asset without holding any stock (Short Hedge, 2010). For example, the price of corn is $3.50 per bushel at today. A producer of corn expects that the price of the corn will be dropping in six months later. Thus, the producer short sells the corn b y using future contract and lock in the price at $3.50 per bushel. Six months later, the price drops to $3.00 per bushel. The producer then buy the corn at $3.00 per bushel in cash market and sell the corn at $3.50 per bushel which is pre-determined agreed price in the future contract. Thus, the producer gained $0.50 per bushel by using the short hedging. Furthermore, producer is also protected from the losses of reducing in the price of corn by just locked in the selling price when enter into a contract. However, producer is making losses if the expectation of producer goes wrong. In the event of corns price rises to $4.00 per bushel six months later, the producer have to buy at $4.00 per bushel in the cash market and sell it out at pre-determined agreed price of $3.50 per bushel. From here, we know that the producer is making losses. A long hedge involves buying futures contracts with the intention of receive delivery of the underlying assets by locking the price of the asset. Investors will only enter into a long hedge contract when there is expectation of increase in prices of the underlying asset in the future. Long hedge is also enables investors to hedge and protect against the volatility and uncertainty of future price. A long hedge is beneficial for the investors who worry about the increasing of the underlying assets price in the future. Thus, long hedge allows investors to lock in the purchase price. In the event of the underlying assets price going up later, the investors are protected from the increasing in price by just paying the asset at the lower pre-determined agreed price (Long Hedge,2010). For instance, the seller of corn enters into the contract when he wants to purchase a certain amount of corn from the producer but is worrying about the rises in the price of corn in future. Let says corn price is $3.50 per bushel today and the seller locked in the price at $3.50 per bushel. If the price rises to $4.00 per bushel in six months later , the seller is protected from the rising of the corns price because the price is locked at $3.50. The seller is gained $0.50 per bushel from the long hedge. Same situation applies to long hedge when the price moves unfavorable for the seller. When price drops to $3.00 per bushel, the seller is facing losses. This is because the seller has to pay $3.50 per bushel instead of the actual market price is $3.00 per bushel after the six months period. b) The cost of jet fuel is an important issue for airline companies because it affects the profitability of the firms. This paper explores the hedging fuel costs strategies, implication of accounting rules for driving hedging strategies in United States. Besides, authors also conducted an industry survey to examine current hedging strategies and its benefits in United States business aviation. Cobbs and Wolf (2004) pointed out that there are three type of contracts utilized for fuel hedging purposes: over-the-counter instruments, exchange-traded-futures, and notÂÂ  hedging. Over-the-counter contracts entered by airlines are swaps, options and combinations of options such as collars structures. Despite of illiquid market and insufficient quantities available to hedge jet fuel consumption, many airlines still prefer over-the-counter instruments because of its customisation feature. Southwest successfully used this hedging strategy to implement its dynamic hedging program. It all ow the airlines to lock in prices at a lower point in the oil price cycle assuming that oil price cycle is a mean-reverting process. For examples, fixed swaps are used at the low point of oil price cycle because of the likelihood of price appreciation than price declines. Then, the airline can use swap contract to lock in at a lower price. Giving up potential savings from price decrease whilst hedging against further increases, airlines use collar to lock in a specified range of prices in the mid-range of the price cycle. Peak prices are more likely to require caps in the form of straight calls to allow company benefit from price depreciation and prevent losses from further appreciation. A substantial amount of monitoring is required for this strategy. United States do not have exchange-traded derivatives on jet fuel, therefore a similar hedge are set up such as between the price of heating oil and crude oil which highly correlated with jet fuel. These commodity future contrac ts result basis risk because of imperfectly correlation (contracts are based on an underlying asset other than jet fuel). Some airline companies employ another strategy- not hedging. There are two conditions should be met for this strategy to work: Firstly, other competitors also do not hedge jet fuel cost. In fact, this condition hardly is met, because hedging airlines have a competitive position (stable cash flow and better cash flow planning) over non-hedging airlines though aviation is not an actively hedging industry. Secondly, increase air fare and pass the change in fuel prices to passengers. It is more difficult for airlines to transfer additional fuel cost in highly competition nature of industry because being competitive on price was the key to any airlines survival and success. As such, aviation businesses in United States use various hedging strategies ranging from not hedging to fully hedging using a combination of instruments. Parties involved in hedging need som e accounting standards knowledge since it has great implication in adopting hedging instruments and enable the firms to receive preferable accounting treatment. Industry survey reveals that fuel costs is the second-largest expense for airlines which account for 16% of the carriers operating costs. To reduce the volatility of operating expenses and maintain bottom line profitability, airlines choose to hedge fuel prices. Study showed that Southwest and JetBlue are the industry leaders. Cobbs and Wolf (2004) indicated that there is a positive relationship between fuel hedging and the value of the firm by illustrating price/revenue ratio and hedging ratio of airlines. This study also suggests that airlines that are hedged have a competitive advantage over the non-hedging airlines. This paper concluded that a sophisticated hedging program can create a comparative advantage, overweight the costs and enhance firm value. c) Industry survey was conducted based on 13 United Stated domestic airlines. Survey shows that hedging jet fuel costs brings benefits to airlines. This result is supported by theory that hedging increases firm value. Cobbs and Wolf (2004) indicate that fuel costs is the second-largest expenses for airlines which account for about 16% of the carriers operating expenses after personnel expenses in year 2003. At least 80% of fuel costs were bear by each of the airlines in this industry survey. Aviation businesses average airfare pricing (available seat mile) decrease by 0.1%; airlines faced a compounded annual rise of 25.9% in fuel costs from 2001 to 2003. Few airlines have tried to transfer the rises in fuel costs to passengers by charging surcharges or increase in airfares during the period February to May 2004. However, it was an unsuccessful attempt because rival companies choose to not pass additional costs to their customers. Same case for United who also doubt on the decisi on of increase the pricing as Continental gives up the price increasing after a week due to the reason of other carriers are not responded to do so. This paper repeats the Carter et al. (2002) results: fuel hedging airlines trade at a premium. Cobbs and Wolf (2004) also suggest a positive correlation coefficient between fuel hedging and the firms value by illustrating price/revenue ratio and hedging ratio of airlines. Southwest is the largest fuel hedger who is hedged 82% of the fuel price and the price to revenue ratio is above 1.00. The second and third largest hedger is JetBlue and Airtran Holdings who are also having price to revenue ratio more than 1.00. Both United and Continental are remaining unhedged for the fuel price. Thus, their price to revenue ratio is relatively low. United is only achieving 0.01 while Continental is below 0.10. For EPS estimation in 2004, Southwest and JetBlue have positive value because both are the largest hedgers. Based on the findings from ind ustry survey, hedging is creating value which is like higher price to revenue ratio, lower price, positive EPS. Non-hedging airlines fuel cost were at or above the average spot fuel price. Southwest, JetBlue and Delta were the largest fuel hedgers in United Stated domestic airlines in 2003. Their actual fuel cost were in-line or below the average spot price of New York Harbor and U.S Gulf Coast. According to Southwests CEO statement, Southwest would face $8million loss due to rising in fuel prices if they not hedged their position. Southwest uses a combination of call options, collars, and fixed price swap agreements to hedge its jet fuel exposure. Whereas, JetBlue hedge its fuel consumption through swap agreement and crude oil option contracts and outsources its fuel management services. Dynamic hedging strategies enable Southwest and JetBlue- the industry hedging leader to save on fuel expenses and create competitive advantages compared to other carriers. Although hedging in creases firm value, there are still involves significant amount of hedging costs. For example JetBlue and Southwest limit their hedging operations in the past three years due to the reason of insufficient cash flow to finance the futures margin deposits and option premiums. Delta forced to close the positions of the fuel price hedging as to generate cash are needed for operations. In addition, many airlines (American, Continental Northwest and United) have to deal with liquidity issues which limit their ability to fully hedge their jet fuel consumption and protect themselves from oil price fluctuations. d) Jet fuel prices have been substantially volatile throughout the last decade. It drive airlines to hedge their fuel consumption to protect themselves from fuel price rising. For instance, the impact of fuel price changes drove United Airlines entered into options contracts to protect against increases in jet fuel prices (Carter et al., 2002). Jet fuel hedging is valuable for airline companies according to previous literature studies: US airlines which engage in fuel hedging activities increase in firms values (Carter et al.,2002; Cobbs and Wolf, 2004; Lin and Chang, 2008); Kvello and Stenvik (2009) study on European airlines hedging also has consistent results with US airlines. In the study of Carter et al. (2002), regression analysis is using to test whether there are hedging premium for the airlines that are using derivatives to hedge exposure of jet fuel price. The result showed 12%-16% statistically significant that hedging is creating vale for a firm. Fuel cost is one of the largest costs for airlines. It is more volatile than other courier expenses (Cobbs and Wolf, 2004). Hedging is considered as one of the ways to protect the airlines from the unfavorable price movements. For examples, in 2003, Korean Airlines entered into forward fuel contract which reduce their average fuel price paid by 34% and reported a gain of Won 282 million. Through dynamic hedging activities, Qantas offset 73% of their 2003/04 increased fuel price paid (Morrell and Swan, 2006). Thus, hedging activities is a tool to stabilize overall costs and reduce the volatility of profitability. Then, firms future expenses and earnings are able to predict, resulting in a more stable airlines financial markets. Investors are more confident to the stock price of airlines after hedging as earnings of airlines are more volatile if there is no any hedging activity. Carriers may face threat of bankruptcy if fuel prices keep increasing. For examples, Legend Airlines and National Airline s seek for insolvency protection because of rising fuel cost in 2000 (Cobbs and Wolf, 2004). Hedging aids in reducing the cash flows or accounting profits volatility, minimize risks, diminishing the probability of bankruptcy (Kvello and Stenvik, 2009). In 2003-2005, rise in fuel prices drove several airlines into bankruptcy. However, SouthwestÂÂ  was able to weather the changes in fuel prices by using extensiveÂÂ  fuelÂÂ  hedgingÂÂ  program (Ingrassia and Fleischer, 2006). Trempskis (2009) study note that Southwest and JetBlue Airlines- the industry leaders in fuel hedging strategy never has filed for bankruptcy, thus investors perceived them as more stable firm. Hence, fuel hedging would increase investors confidence and valuation of firms. During economic downturn period or fuel prices are very high, financially troubled airlines would sale its assets (e.g. aircrafts) below market prices (Carter et al.,2002). In this context, hedging airlines are allowed to take advantages buy these assets or acquire that carrier at prices below fair value (Pulvino, 1998; Cobbs and Wolf, 2004; Kvello and Stenvik, 2009). Kim and Singal (1993) implies that typically higher fare environments are created upon completion of the acquisition. By fuel hedging, airlines reduce cash flow volatility, improve its cash position thus enhance its flexibility in investment policies during economic downturns. Froot et al., (1993) analyze that hedged-airlines have sufficient internal funds and rely less on external sources of funds to complete this profitable capital expenditures or favorable investment opportunity. For example, American Airlines acquired Trans World Airlines by utilizing its available cash and assumption of Trans World Airlines debt in 2001 (as cited it Carter et al., 2002). Involving in positive net present value investment would strengthen hedged-airlines competitive position and increase firm values. Rob Fyfe, Air New Zealand chief executive c ommented that fuel hedging not only trying to remove volatility and also provide airlines ability to compete against its rivals. Fuel hedging makes sure airlines have some parity in fuel costs with competitors and prevent competitors from undercut on prices (in case rivals obtained a lower fuel cost). Fyfe statement is illustrated with a real case scenario. Qantas Airways fuel strategy successfully enhanced its competitive advantage and obtained cheaper fuel cost, resulting in captured some market share from rivals (Ballantyne, 2009). Fuel hedging is a complex business. Unless those airlines are able to maintain a long term and consistent hedging strategy through all stages of oil price cycle, airlines wouldnt be able to benefit from hedging. In fact, many airlines hedging losses in fuel hedging have been reported. For example, Air New Zealand had a loss of $134million from fuel hedging, other airlines to suffer include China Eastern Airlines ($908million), Air China ($994million ), Taiwans China Airlines ($629million), EVA Air ($267.8million), Malaysia Airlines ($755million) and Singapore Airlines ($223.5million). Besides, it becomes more difficult and more expensive for airlines to arrange hedging deals. Many banks and finance houses that heavily involved in past hedging have either bankrupted or in financial difficulties, e.g. Lehman Brothers. As a result, many airlines hedging deals collapsed and the remaining players are nervous (Ballantyne, 2009). However, most industry leaders and airline chiefs insist that hedging is the only way to smooth out the peaks and troughs of fuel price. This exercise will continue to be an important risk management tool in their strategy (Ballantyne, 2009). e) This study found that there is a positive relationship between fuel hedging and the value of the firm. This leads our attention to the aspects of reasons for hedging and which theory supported the finding. Theory that supported the finding Source of added value from jet fuel hedging is related to the underinvestment problem. Numerous literature studies supported for the underinvestment theory (Bessembinder, 1991; Froot et al., 1993; Stulz, 1996; Carter et al., 2002; Lin and Chang, 2008). Froot et. al (1993) developed a theoretical framework for hedging and value. He indicates that airlines facing financial distress will choose to underinvest. Underinvestment cost is one of the important indirect costs of financial distress (e.g. Stulz, 1996) thus hedging activity is a tool to alleviating the problem of underinvestment. When firms have profitable capital expenditures, the external cost of fund is more expensive than the internal funds (pecking order theory), so hedging can lower the variability of internal funds and ensure airlines have sufficient internal cost of capital to complete profitable investment opportunities (Bessembinder, 1991; Froot et. Al, 1993; Mello and Parsons, 2000). Based on Froots framework, Carter et. al (2002, 2006) and Kvello and Stenvik (2009) further proved that airlines main benefit of jet fuel hedging as it comes from reduction of financial distress cost and underinvestment costs. Their studies result show that positive relation between hedging and value increases in capital investment, while higher fuel costs are consistent with lower cash flow. Hedging add value to shareholders by aiming airlines avoid underinvestment and make value-creating investment. Reasons for hedging Probability of bankrupt is easily affected by non-systematic risk and thus levies costs. This probability of bankruptcy can be defined as financial distress costs which are included direct and indirect costs. Direct costs are costs incurred in the bankruptcy while indirect costs are derived as stakeholders perceive a realistic chance of future bankruptcy. These costs are defined the performance and market value are directly linked to volatility. (Haushalter, 2000). Hedging is allowed company to hedge against the fluctuation of the cash flow or accounting profit. Thus, it will reduce the probability of going to bankruptcy. Hence, the costs are lower and value of company is increasing. In the exhibit 5, Jet fuel price of Southwest, JetBlue and Delta are lower than average spot price of New York Harbor and U.S Gulf Coast. Thus, the findings are showed the hedging lowering the costs which are consistent with the theory of financial distress costs. Based on agency costs theory, agenc y conflicts arise when there is the divergence of interest of principal and agent. Thus, company should go for hedging to reduce the costs and increase the value of the company. Dobson and Soenen (1993) concluded that hedging reduce the fluctuation of cash flows and leads to probability of uncertainty also reducing. Consequently, the costs of external financing become lower. Furthermore, cash flow is more smoothing through exchange risk hedging when the firm is leverage. Based on the findings, the airliness value are enhancing after the hedging. In the theory of incentive structures, Smith and Stulz (1985) compensation scheme is influencing the managers choices in hedging. Managers are acted in the interest of shareholders who are always maximizing the wealth of shareholders. Managers manage the risk is to reduce the agency costs. However, interest rate risk and currency risk are not able to manage and control. Thus, managers are not likely to engage in hedging even though there are compensation scheme. Yet, the hedging may reduce the other unrelated financial risks of the company value. Indirectly, this is strengthening the relationship between share price and management performance. In the market imperfections, the external financing is more costly and cause the risk to the companies. This is consistent with the study of Froot et. al. (1993) suggested that market imperfections is explained why external funds are more high costs as compared to internal costs. In addition to internal financing, the companies are highly dependent to the external financing to funds their investments. Froot et. al. (1993) also concluded that the costs are higher when a company is facing difficulty to finance funds from external and this will result in the shortfall of their cash flow by assuming other things equal. Thus, the companies should go for hedge to prevent the fluctuation or shortfall of their cash flow. Company that facing market imperfection is more likely to hed ge against the risk in their companies and this theory is supported by Haushalter (2002).

Perdón para migrantes protegidos por la sección 245(i)

La seccià ³n 245(i) de la Ley de Inmigracià ³n y Nacionalidad (INA, por sus siglas en inglà ©s) permite ajustar el estatus a personas indocumentadas y asà ­ obtener la tarjeta de residencia. El problema es que esta seccià ³n de la INA expirà ³. Sin embargo, algunos inmigrantes pueden estar todavà ­a hoy protegidos y, por lo tanto, podrà ­an pedir el ajuste de estatus. Quà © migrantes indocumentados podrà ­an beneficiarse de la seccià ³n 245 (i) Los inmigrantes que està ¡n dentro de Estados Unidos en situacià ³n de indocumentados porque: entraron con visa y se quedaron mà ¡s tiempo del permitido.ingresaron al paà ­s ilegalmente sin pasar por un control migratoriocometieron alguna violacià ³n migratoria como, por ejemplo, aceptar empleo colocà ¡ndose asà ­ en una situacià ³n de ilegalidad migratoria. Y no pueden arreglar los papeles sin salir de los Estados Unidos mediante lo que se conoce como un ajuste de estatus. Si salen de Estados Unidos tendrà ­an el problema de que automà ¡ticamente se activarà ­a el castigo de los 3 o de los 10 aà ±os por presencia ilegal. Tener en cuenta que algunos indocumentados pueden ajustar su estatus por relacià ³n de cà ³nyuge, padre, madre o hijo soltero menor de 21 aà ±os con un ciudadano estadounidense. Pero incluso en estos casos no siempre es posible ajustar el estatus. Cuà ¡les son los requisitos para estar estar protegido por la seccià ³n 245 (i) 1. Que el inmigrante tenga una peticià ³n de visa de inmigrante hecha   a su nombre por razà ³n de familia o de trabajo y que dicha peticià ³n se hubiera presentado el 30 de abril de 2001 o antes.   Es decir, tenga un certificado de trabajo (labor certification) o   una peticià ³n I-130 para familiar extranjero, I-140 para trabajador extranjero, I-360 para viudos o migrantes especiales. o I-526 para empresario extranjero a travà ©s del programa EB5. 2. Que la peticià ³n hubiera sido aprobada (puede ser posteriormente a esa fecha) 3. Y si la peticià ³n se presentà ³ entre el 14 de enero de 1998 y el 30 de abril de 2001, el beneficiario principal de la peticià ³n debe poder demostrar que estaba fà ­sicamente presente en los Estados Unidos a fecha de 21 de diciembre de 2000. Eso es para el beneficiario  principal,en no para el derivado. Por ejemplo, en los casos en los que un ciudadano pide a su hermano, à ©ste serà ­a el principal, y el derivado la esposa/o del pedido y sus hijos solteros menores de 21 aà ±os. Destacar que en el caso de familiares derivados, la relacià ³n de parentesco entre el beneficiario principal y el derivado debà ­a ya existir a fecha de 30 de abril de 2001.   Cà ³mo se pide beneficiarse de la proteccià ³n de la seccià ³n 245(i) Solicitante un ajuste de estatus (planilla I-485)Completando ademà ¡s el suplemento I-485AEnviando toda la documentacià ³n de apoyoPagando la cuota del ajuste de estatus Antes de enviar cualquier planilla, asesorarse si realmente se califica. Asimismo, extremar el cuidado para cumplir con los requisitos de llenar correctamente los formularios. Quà © no se debe hacer si se cree que se es un buen candidato para esta proteccià ³n No salir de Estados Unidos mientras no se resuelve el asunto. Si se sale, en ese momento comienza a aplicar el castigo de los 3 y de los 10 aà ±os. A quià ©n no protege la seccià ³n 245(i) A las personas con un procedimiento de deportacià ³n abierto. Cuà ¡ndo la 245(i) no es suficiente para ajustar el estatus Es posible cumplir todos los requisitos para este perdà ³n pero que, finalmente, el ajuste de estatus se niegue y no se obtenga la tarjeta de residencia. Y es que para sacar la green card el migrante tiene que ser considerado admisible. Esto es, hay una serie de comportamientos o situaciones en el pasado del migrante que hacen imposible que pueda obtener los papeles, bien con carà ¡cter permanente o bien por un tiempo. A tener en cuenta para elegir la mejor opcià ³n y evitar fraudes Hay casos en los que podrà ­a aplicar la 245(i), pero realmente hay otras opciones que resultan mejores. Por ejemplo, una persona con una peticià ³n a su favor hecha en el aà ±o 2000 por un hermano ciudadano americano. Si esa persona ingresà ³ con visa y simplemente perdià ³ su estatus por quedarse mà ¡s tiempo del permitido y està ¡ ahora casada de buena fe con un ciudadano americano, podrà ­a ajustar su estatus sin necesidad de recurrir al 245(i). Sin embargo, si la misma persona del ejemplo, hubiera ingresado a Estados Unidos ilegalmente, no podrà ­a ajustar su estatus por el procedimiento regular y su opcià ³n serà ­a pedir la proteccià ³n del 245(i). Todos los casos de perdones son complejos y delicados. Lo mejor es siempre buscar a un abogado de inmigracià ³n reputado y con experiencia en el beneficio que se desea pedir.  Ã‚  Es cierto que en muchos casos es posible  solicitar un perdà ³n migratorio (waiver)  pero ademà ¡s de cumplir con todos los requisitos, no es fà ¡cil obtenerlo. Por esta razà ³n, es aconsejable tener cuidado con las promesas que hacen algunos abogados inescrupulosos. Este artà ­culo no es consejo legal para ningà ºn caso concreto. Sà ³lo tiene valor informativo.

The Impact of Chemical DDT on Human Health. - 717 Words

Introduction: As of 2013, there were 97 countries with sustained malaria transmission, and 7 countries in prevention of the reintroduction phase, making a total of 104 countries where malaria is presently considered endemic 1,3,10,15,24. It is estimated that 3.4 billion people are at risk of malaria and WHO estimates that 207 million cases of malaria occurred globally with 627,000 deaths in 20121,3,10,15,24. 80% of cases occurred in Africa and most deaths (77%) occurred in children under the age of 5 3,7,10,15,23,24. The burden faced in Sub-Saharan Africa continues to be a challenge for national governments. Increasing resistance to drugs and pesticides, the lack of capacity to implement programs effectively and low public education about malaria are only a few of the many complications that African governments must address to effectively combat malaria 1,3,7,10,15,18,20,23. In order to reduce malaria incidence, some African countries are moving back towards dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), an insecticide once widely used throughout the world for agricultural and public health purposes1, 3,10,15,16,23. Dr. Paul Mà ¼ller discovered chemical DDT effectiveness on insects just prior to World War II. His work received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1948 1,9. During World War II the Allied forces used DDT to combat typhus and malaria vectors 15. After the war they used the chemical to control the vector and agricultural pests, helping to successfullyShow MoreRelatedDDT Isnt Cool With Me Essay1539 Words   |  7 Pagesthrough its aggressive attempt to rid the area of the anopheles mosquito, thus virtually eliminating the spread of malaria and cases seen. The parasites that cause malaria rely on a human host in order to reproduce and thrive. 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DDT advocate clearlyRead MoreThe Detremental Eff ects of DDT Exposed in Silent Spring, by Rachel Carson911 Words   |  4 Pageswidespread use of synthetic pesticides and their impact on the environment. Carson concentrates on a commonly used pesticide in the 1950s called DDT. She opposes the indiscriminate spraying of DDT because it has profound consequences on the environment, humans and animals. Carson collected information about how the DDT can cause cancer in humans, harm animals such as birds and remained in the environment for long periods of time. Subsequently, the chemicals in the pesticides are extremely harmful so sheRead More The Power of Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring Essay1463 Words   |  6 Pageseffectual environmental movement. In 17 chapters, many of which can stand alone as essays, Carson develops a deceptively simple premise: the use and overuse of synthetic chemicals to control insect pests introduces these chemicals into the air, water, and soil and into the food chain where they poison animals and humans, and disrupt the many intricate interdependencies that make up the delicate natural order. In the concluding paragraph of the book, Carson said: The control of nature is aRead More Endocrine Disruptors Essay1746 Words   |  7 Pagesarticles have suggested that humans may be at risk because small amounts of well known environmental contaminants, such as dioxin, PCBs and DDT, can affect hormone levels. Hormones are produced by the endocrine system as regulators of biological function in target organs. Because hormones play a critical role in early development, toxicological effects on the endocrine system often have an impact on the reproductive system. 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Her book, and her advocation for the environment, has lead to the changing of health and safety laws for american citizens that still impact us today. Rachel Carson was born in 1907 in Springdale Pennsylvania, and grew up on a farm with a typical home life of a young American girl. Her mother was her primary caretaker, and also helped Carson see the beautyRead MoreEffects of DDT on Human Health and the Environment1067 Words   |  4 Pages Why is DDT still used in other countries and why is it controversial. Malaria is fatal and is known to be the second deadliest to the HIV/AIDS pandemic among other infectious diseases. In just a period of one year, malaria infects hundreds to millions of people and is responsible for the deaths of about one million people. However, Malaria’s lethal effects can be prevented by the use of one of the persistent organic pollutants called Dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane also known as DDT (Martin,Read MoreChemical Control Of The Colorado Potato Beetle1717 Words   |  7 Pagesrecorded to have been used as a chemical control for mites and insects as early as 12000BC (Jones 1973). One common insecticide used in the Middle Ages in Persia and ancient China consisted of an ingredient from the Dalmatian pyrethrum flowers. Containing 1.5% of pyrethrin, the Dalmatian pyrethrum was the origin of an active insecticidal substance (Davies et al, 2007). 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Cookery Food Safety Audit

Question: Discuss about theCookeryfor Food Safety Audit. Answer: Introduction Food safety audit has been one of the most vital concerns when it comes to the maintenance of food standards and certification as well. The subject has been argued as vital because of the transparency and safety assurance that it offers to consumers. A number of food companies and organizations across the globe usually undertake safety standards through food safety audits in order to assure the consumers or their clients of safety measures that are put in place (Dinham 2003). This has seen them grow in terms of business networking and increasing the consumption scale due to the built trust. This task will therefore discuss into finer details a food safety audit of an existing workplace in order to bring on board the necessities for a food safety program (Kvenberg and Schwalm 2010). It will also offer specific identification of any potential food safety hazards and also a sum of critical control concerns that may be in association with the hazards in question. The task will then end with an evaluation of the already existing practices so as to offer determination on any changes that may be necessary. Background The audit in context is based on a busy market environment where a number of food items are sold. This kind of environment will help in giving a wider view of the various food products as far as food safety is concerned. The nature of the environment in context will also assist in the identification of a number of food safety hazards. Determination of the Nature and Type of Workplace As mentioned in the background, the work place for food safety audit in context with regards to the development of the requirements of food safety program is based on a working environment that is busy and deals in a number of food products (Lees 2012). That working environment is a busy market place where people or consumers buys a number of products mainly for reasons that are consumption related. Identification of Potential Food Safety Hazards There are a number of food safety hazards that consumers are at risk to associate with if proper food safety audit is not undertaken. These hazards may be grouped in form of biological, physical and even chemical hazards. Biological hazards are those that may be caused by bacteria, viruses and even parasites that may find space into the food substances that are sold in the market (Mayes 2002). Physical hazards on the other hand, are those that may occur as foreign bodies that may come into contact with food. Examples of physical safety hazards include the following, metal, wood, soil, stone and dirt among others. All these have got a possibility of coming into contact with food substances and thereby making consumption difficult. The last potential hazard is that of chemical nature, a number of food specialists across the globe, have argued that, in most cases the hazard in question occur inform of cleaning chemical residues, factory contaminants and finally agricultural residues. Determination of the Specifics of the Organization Specific to Food Hazards There are a number of specifics of organizations that are specific to food hazards and most of them will be discussed in this section. Most organization specific to food hazards are usually of bigger sizes as they deal with critical matters globally. The bigger size also directly influences the clients that the organizations work with. It has been discussed that there are many clients who operate under the subject organizations for purposes of ensuring that the food product consumed is of higher quality (National Advisory Committee on Microbiological Criteria for Foods 2012). An example of organization that we can peg our discussion to, is that of Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations that work in close collaboration with the ministry of health in Australia to ensure that food safety audit is undertaken. The type of food that the organization in context deals with is those that are agricultural and in most cases are sold in market workplace. On the same note, the examination on the layout of agricultural product is usually based on the storage facilities, preparation, and display and customer service points. Most agricultural product usually assumes open layout that can allow sustenance of the products, considering the fact that the product dealt with is also perishable. The preparation of the product is also done in a manner to preserve its nature so as be offered to customers or consumers when in better state. Identification of any at Risk Clientele Being that the food in context is based on agricultural products, the client at risk may be on reasons that of chemical hazards and physical hazards association to food product. This is because; the preservation of the food products may be call for use of certain preservative chemicals that may not go well with the clients (Panisello and Quantick 2011). On the other hand, it is also important to note that the workplace for the products is an open market; physical hazards may equally find space. On a similar notice, it has also been argued that agricultural products specifications are those that goes with their vulnerability and thus affected by the hazards mentioned. The tackled brief point also goes hand in hand with the product supplies and the quality assurance details. The final key area in this topic will be on determination of product safety requirement. Product safety requirement specific to the above workplace The first requirement is that the agricultural produce should be cleaned on any hazard They should be handled with care and concern to avoid contamination The workplace should be clean to offer a clean environment for business Critical Assessment of Food Handling Procedure The food handling procedure should always take into consideration the following concerns, food handling hazards, the hazards that are related to food heating, those that deals with food display, any other chemical or microbiological hazards and even concerns that are related to food susceptibility (Ropkins and Beck 2000). The handling of agricultural food products is an important aspect that must be done in a better procedure. The main hazard that is associated with the handling of the food in context is that of physical hazard, though chemical hazards may also find space. List of Critical Control Points that are Involved in Food Preparation where the Mentioned Hazard can be Controlled There are a number of control points that are associated with the hazards in question. The hazards in context are both physical and chemical. Most of the agricultural foods as mentioned in previous paragraphs are mainly in line with physical hazards because of close association of the two in context. The first control point with respect to the subject is that on key concerns to be undertaken during preparation (Sperber 2008). During food preparation, it is important that a number of concerns are considered, most of these concerns must be those that affirms or assures of food safety. The other critical control measure that should be looked upon should be that of ensuring protective handling measures are put in place. This is because physical hazards are mainly associated with problems that come out due to matters of poor handling of food. There are high chances that the food substance in context can have safety issues in relation to the handling procedures. On the same light, another vital critical control point is on display matters as covered previously. This is where chemical hazards are brought on board. Display matters are associated with preservative control related concerns. This is also in consideration that most of agricultural foods are perishable and therefore preservative measures must be given keen consideration but due to their chemical alignment, there may result chemical hazards (Trienekens and Zuurbier 2008). Evaluation of Existing Food Safety Procedures The subject evaluation is based on the already covered critical control points, matters of monitoring practices, record keeping, control of pest and finally cleaning and sanitation. It has been noted by a number of food safety experts across the globe that exist a number of food safety procedures in relation to the food in context. Some of the existing food safety procedures are based on matters of sanitation and handling procedures. This is majorly in consideration of hazards that have always been in existence. In this particular context, the hazards to be put in consideration includes biological, chemical and also physical. Matters of sanitation to food ensure that the environment in which food is kept is clean and does not offer any risk to the clients or the consumers of the product. The other evaluation that has been in existence is on matters that deal with food handling measures (Walker, Pritchard and Forsythe 2013). This is a procedure that is not only limited to food organization across the globe but also considered by clients in greater view. This is because of the risks that are associated with poor handling procedures. Conclusion In conclusion, the food safety audit in context has been tackled in line with the question and details rubric for the task and therefore offers a number of details that can be used in developing food safety program as per the requirement. The task is therefore with no doubt takes care on matters that relates with food safety procedures as provided in the details above. References Dinham, B., 2003. The pesticide hazard: a global health and environmental audit. Zed Books. Kvenberg, J.E. and Schwalm, D.J., 2010. Use of microbial data for hazard analysis and critical control point verificationFood and drug administration perspective. Journal of Food Protection, 63(6), pp.810-814. Lees, F., 2012. Lees' Loss prevention in the process industries: Hazard identification, assessment and control. Butterworth-Heinemann. Mayes, T., 2002. Simple users' guide to the hazard analysis critical control point concept for the control of food microbiological safety. Food Control, 3(1), pp.14-19. National Advisory Committee on Microbiological Criteria for Foods, 2012. Hazard analysis and critical control point system. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 16(1), pp.1-23. Panisello, P.J. and Quantick, P.C., 2011. Technical barriers to hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP). Food control, 12(3), pp.165-173. Ropkins, K. and Beck, A.J., 2000. Evaluation of worldwide approaches to the use of HACCP to control food safety. Trends in Food Science Technology, 11(1), pp.10-21. Sperber, W.H., 2008. Auditing and verification of food safety and HACCP. Food Control, 9(2), pp.157-162. Trienekens, J. and Zuurbier, P., 2008. Quality and safety standards in the food industry, developments and challenges. International Journal of Production Economics, 113(1), pp.107-122. Walker, E., Pritchard, C. and Forsythe, S., 2013. Hazard analysis critical control point and prerequisite programme implementation in small and medium size food businesses. Food Control, 14(3), pp.169-174.