The use of ICT across the curriculum and evaluate the benefits and Essay

The use of ICT across the curriculum and evaluate the benefits and disadvantages of its use - Essay Example There are general goals defined in the National Curriculum, such as â€Å"ICT promotion in favor of students’ opportunities to apply and develop ICT capabilities and apply these capabilities to all subjects learning† (ICT  - The  National Curriculum). The main goal of the National Curriculum is to enable students to increase the efficiency of their learning process. ICT intends to widen the horizon of a learning discipline. ICT is effectively used in the lessons oh history or language learning. Audio records, video films and picturesque Power Point presentations enable students to enrich their knowledge in an effective and interesting way. During lessons teachers have to propagate the usage of ICT and students would in such a way facilitate the learning process. For this purpose educational institutions would have to effectively train their teaching stuff. School leadership ensures effective spread of ICT in the curriculum as well. â€Å"Strategic management and wh ole-school plan† together with essential investments into ICT in curriculum would make this resource an effective one (Titus and Potter, 2005). For example, it would be more interesting for students to learn new information not written on a whiteboard, but in the process of multimedia presentations. Moreover, technological access to the latest information would make researches and presentations of students informative and in such a way students will be able to develop their decision-making abilities and investigating methodologies (Teacher Training Agency, 1998; Dede, 2000). Creative thinking of the students would direct their capabilities to develop their learning and communicative strategies. What is more important is the fact that abilities gained by means of ICT enable students to communicate with their co-thinkers around the world both in local and global environments. ICT resources help students and teachers to complete curriculum objectives. Such kinds of resources as t echnological facilities are mediators between a new well-developed educational process, teaching and learning capabilities (Yelland, N., 200; Ololube, 2006). When ICT is used in monitoring, recording, assessing and reporting in the curriculum, then the process of examination and students’ achievement is facilitated. Nevertheless, in order to reach the efficiency of ICT to the fullest extent, the leading positions of ICT have to be developed. Students’ performance is increased in case there is a well-balanced ICT management. For example, it is relevant to interview students and teachers and ask their opinions about efficiency of ICT in the curriculum. Moreover, in order to facilitate the process of ICT implementation, it is relevant to organize trainings and develop strategies on â€Å"strengthening weaker aspects of ICT provision† (Blake, 2008, p. 21). There are also drawbacks of ICT in the curriculum. Once students have an access to numerous information resourc es, they would loose their own initiative and creative thinking. In previous years when students only had a chance to get information from books or other printed sources, they could rely only on themselves (Christen, 2009; Davies and Ellison, 2003). Nowadays Internet access and thousands of ready essays confuse students. At this point a crucial role may play a teacher: â€Å"

The abortion debate Essay Example for Free

The abortion debate Essay Abortion, the premature expulsing of an unborn child from the womb, is one of the most hotly debated issues of our time. On one side of the argument there is the pro-choice community who believe that abortion should be available to all women, and on the other there is the pro-life community who believe that it is the murder of an innocent human. Deciding what side is correct depends on an individual’s religious, scientific and ethical views. Key issues include the moral status of the unborn child, and whether its rights outweigh the mother’s. In examining this multifaceted debate, a good place to start is the Christian perspective. Many of the early church fathers had an existentialist view, where the foetus progressively becomes a person over time. Some are influenced by St Thomas Aquinas who identified the moment of ‘quickening’ as the decision point of development. This key moment is also significant for the formation of the brain and the first appearance of the ‘human icon’, when the foetus begins to look like a human being. Personhood is the main issue here. Humans are beings with human tissue, but persons must have moral status. For example, a baby without a brain could be regarded as a human but not a person. The question of whether or not abortion is murder depends on your definition of personhood. With today’s scientific advancements most Christians no longer accept the views of Aquinas and Aristotle on abortion. Dr. Landrum Shettles, sometimes called the father of In Vitro Fertilization, wrote, â€Å"Conception confers life and makes that life one of a kind.† As with all issues, Christian turn to the Bible to defend their position. Christians believe in the sanctity of life, meaning that all human life is created in God’s image and has intrinsic worth. The most important verse they turn to is part of the Decalogue: do not kill. At face value this may include abortion, but on the other hand, it doesn’t cover the killing of animals or killing in battle. It may not be as absolute as Christians make out. Other verses include an instance in Luke when John the Baptist recognised the presence of Jesus before he was born; this suggests that unborn children are alive and have a degree of awareness before they are born. To quote John Calvin, â€Å"If it seems more horrible to kill a man in his own house, then in a field†¦it ought surely to be deemed more atrocious to destroy a foetus in the womb before it has come to light.† Christian opinion is divided between liberal and conservative perspectives. Conservative churches such as the Roman Catholic Church and the Free Presbyterian Church are against abortion. They believe abortion is murder of the innocent and have respect for human life right from conception. The Catholic Church has an essentialist view of abortion that does not allow for exceptional circumstances, even rape. In the Humanae Vitae of 1968 Pope Pius VI said, â€Å"human life is sacred.† This was followed up with the Declaration on Procured Abortion, 1974, where it states that women’s rights, though good in themselves, cannot be an excuse for abortion when it denies another person the fundamental right to life. On the other hand, some churches have more liberal views. The Methodist Church of Ireland released a document in 2012 that outlines their support for abortion in some circumstances: when the mother’s life is at risk; when her mental or physical health is at risk; in cases of rape and incest and fatal foetal abnormalities. They believe that their view is the most compassionate towards both the mother and child. They do, however, emphasise that they are against abortion on demand. The crux of the document is that while Christians may not agree with abortion, we should respect the separation of church and state when it comes to abortion law. Moving on, abortion is a situation of conflicting rights – many that are pro-choice believe that the rights of the mother are more important than the rights of the child. Proponents of situation ethics would believe that we should look at the circumstances behind an abortion, not the morality of the act. The Church of Englands position that abortion is evil but may be the lesser of two evils is consistent with a situationist approach. Difficult circumstances include when a woman has been raped. There are traumatic and involuntary circumstances surrounding the conception and the continuance of this unwanted pregnancy may well continue the trauma for the mother and her existing family. The foetus should have no claim on the woman unless the woman has consented fully to being pregnant. Another circumstance where a proponent of situation ethics would support abortion is if the mother’s life is at risk – surely it is better to save one life than lose two. Natural law would generally prohibit abortion. Supporters of this theory see the act of sexual intercourse as an efficient cause that brings about the final cause of the production of a human being. Abortion prevents the final cause from being achieved and is therefore immoral. However, there is the doctrine of double effect. While it may be morally permissible to perform a good action that may have a bad outcome, it is morally impermissible to perform a bad action with a good outcome. The theory of natural law states that you are only responsible for the immediate consequences of your actions, but not for secondary or unintended effects of your action. An example of this could be abortion: it may permit indirect therapeutic abortion (such as treating cancer, which may cause death of the foetus) but not direct therapeutic abortion. Prolife Christians often use the acronym SLED when arguing against abortion. This stands for size, level of development, environment and dependency. Starting with size, pro-lifers argue that it is wrong to discriminate against the unborn due to their size. Level of development means that the only difference between the unborn and us is that they are not as developed, but the toddler is not as developed as the adult. This does not mean the toddler is any less. Environment refers to the fact that just because the unborn is within the uterus, that does not mean it has no rights. Why should a 7-inch journey down the birth canal make a difference? Finally, dependency means that just because the unborn is dependent on its mother, it does not imply it should be allowed to be killed. A disabled person may be dependent on others but this does not mean we have the right to kill them. Abortion is much more likely to be supported within the secular realm. Ethicists such as Singer have a utilitarian view of abortion. Singer hold to Preference Utilitarianism which promotes that the preferences of individuals are taken into account except where they come into direct conflict with the preferences of others. For example, if the foetus was diagnosed with a fatal abnormality abortion may be the option that would cause the greatest amount of happiness for the greatest amount of people. If the parents go through with the pregnancy they will have to suffer the trauma of watching their infant die, or go through a stillbirth. Feminists are usually on the front line in the fight for reproductive rights. They believe women and men are not truly equal until a woman has access to abortion on demand. Some would even support viewing abortion as little more than a method of contraception. A notable feminist is Judith Thomson, author of â€Å"A Defence of Abortion†, uses abstract analogies to promote abortion. One of these is the violinist scenario. In this scenario a woman finds herself involuntarily chained to a famous violinist in a hospital. The violinist is dying and the woman was discovered to have the correct blood type to save him. Therefore she was kidnapped and is now acting as a life support. Thomson asserts that the woman has no moral obligation to remain connected to the violinist, and if she did it would be an extraordinary act of kindness. However, Singer claims that a utilitarian outlook would imply that one is morally obliged to stay connected to the violinist. Ultimately, in countries where abortion is legal abortion should be the choice of the mother. However, abortion is not without its dangers, such as damage to the uterus as well as depression and guilt. With this in mind, abortion may not be as safe as many believe.

Visual Spatual Learner :: essays research papers

Her next clue was something she noticed when she was demonstrating drawing to a class, and trying to give a verbal explanation of the methods she was using. She found that she often would "simply stop talking right in the middle of a sentence. I would hear my voice stop and I would think about getting back to the sentence, but finding the words again would seem like a terrible chore -- and I didn't really want to anyhow. But pulling myself back at last, I would resume talking -- and then find that I had lost contact with the drawing, which suddenly seemed confusing and difficult. Thus I picked up a new bit of information: I could either talk or draw, but I couldn't do both at once." ~*~*~*~ A part of the answer is that, from childhood onward, we have learned to see things in terms of words: we name things, and we know facts about them. The dominant left verbal hemisphere doesn't want too much information about things it perceives -- just enough to recognize and to categorize. The left brain, in this sense, learns to take a quick look and says, "Right, that's a chair ...." Because the brain is overloaded most of the time with incoming information, it seems that one of its functions is to screen out a large proportion of incoming perceptions. This is a necessary process to enable us to focus our thinking and one that works very well for us most of the time. But drawing requires that you look at something for a long time, perceiving lots of details, registering as much information as possible -- ideally, everything.... Symptoms of Dyslexia Dyslexic people are visual, multi-dimensional thinkers. We are intuitive and highly creative, and excel at hands-on learning. It is sometimes hard for us to understand letters, numbers, symbols, and written words because we think in pictures but learning to adapt this hidden talent can lead to success, particularly in creative and inventive fields. Reading: Â · Fluctuating memory problems with letters, words or numbers -- including sequences such as the alphabet. Â · Skipping over or scrambling letters, words and sentences. Â · Reading is a slow, tiring process often accompanied with head tilting or finger pointing. Â · Reversal of similar letters (such as "b" and "d"), words (such as "saw" and "was") and numbers (such as "6" and "9"). Â · Letters and words blur, move, double, scramble or are omitted or added.

The Impact of Divorce on Children :: Sociology Psychology

Regardless of age, race, sex or religion, divorce has devastating, often long-term, consequences. The immediate effects of divorce, such as hurt, anger and confusion, are evident in both children and adults. The longer-term effects are not so easy to pin point. Adults are usually able to articulate their emotions and verbalize their distress, anger, pain and confusion to help themselves through this period of transition in their lives. As well, adults have the means and ability to seek outside professional assistance independently. Children on the other hand, are not as likely to have the ability to identify the source or kind of turmoil they are experiencing. Therefore, it is difficult for us, as adults, to be fully aware of the consequences of divorce on our children. It is estimated that nearly one half of children born today will spend time in a single parent household watching mommy go down on her boyfriends. Although some of these children are born into single parent families, many more are the product of divorce, and are made to endure the conflict and emotional upset that divorce brings about. At this time, when children require stability and emotional support, the pressures of growing up are often compounded by the stress of divorce and family breakdown. When divorce involves children many questions must be answered. Questions such as: With whom will the children live? How often will the non-custodial parent have access, and under what circumstances? Although simple to ask, these questions are never easy to answer, and children frequently become pawns in a game of revenge. Today, mothers make up the majority of parents who are awarded custody, with fathers making up only 13%. However, this was not always the case. Prior to the 19th century, fathers, under English common law followed in North America , received automatic custody of their children when the marriage dissolved. During the 19th century gradual change occurred. Mothers were first given custody of young children and eventually of older children as well. Today, the trend is changing again, with many couples opting for, or courts ordering, joint custody. Several studies have been done to decipher which custody situation provides the most security and stability for children of divorced families, but it remains that each situation is unique and the individuality of the child(ren) must be the top consideration in making these arrangements. The decision for a couple to divorce is, at best, an emotionally difficult and exhausting time. The Impact of Divorce on Children :: Sociology Psychology Regardless of age, race, sex or religion, divorce has devastating, often long-term, consequences. The immediate effects of divorce, such as hurt, anger and confusion, are evident in both children and adults. The longer-term effects are not so easy to pin point. Adults are usually able to articulate their emotions and verbalize their distress, anger, pain and confusion to help themselves through this period of transition in their lives. As well, adults have the means and ability to seek outside professional assistance independently. Children on the other hand, are not as likely to have the ability to identify the source or kind of turmoil they are experiencing. Therefore, it is difficult for us, as adults, to be fully aware of the consequences of divorce on our children. It is estimated that nearly one half of children born today will spend time in a single parent household watching mommy go down on her boyfriends. Although some of these children are born into single parent families, many more are the product of divorce, and are made to endure the conflict and emotional upset that divorce brings about. At this time, when children require stability and emotional support, the pressures of growing up are often compounded by the stress of divorce and family breakdown. When divorce involves children many questions must be answered. Questions such as: With whom will the children live? How often will the non-custodial parent have access, and under what circumstances? Although simple to ask, these questions are never easy to answer, and children frequently become pawns in a game of revenge. Today, mothers make up the majority of parents who are awarded custody, with fathers making up only 13%. However, this was not always the case. Prior to the 19th century, fathers, under English common law followed in North America , received automatic custody of their children when the marriage dissolved. During the 19th century gradual change occurred. Mothers were first given custody of young children and eventually of older children as well. Today, the trend is changing again, with many couples opting for, or courts ordering, joint custody. Several studies have been done to decipher which custody situation provides the most security and stability for children of divorced families, but it remains that each situation is unique and the individuality of the child(ren) must be the top consideration in making these arrangements. The decision for a couple to divorce is, at best, an emotionally difficult and exhausting time.

Primary and Secondary Socialization Essay

Introduction Socialization is the communication or interaction process in which the norms and values of a culture are learnt, whereby the individual gains knowledge to adapt his or her behavior to that of a social group (Groenman et al., p.202). It is significant to re-emphasize the idea of interaction in the above definition. Where there is interaction, influences are reciprocal and socialization is not merely a one-way process. Parents discover from children just as children do from their parents. In the same way, teachers learn from pupils, heads of departments from students, etc. The socialization process is not restricted to the uncomplicated social skill required in contacts with others. Within the idea of socialization, a difference is made between primary socialization and secondary socialization. Body Primary socialization is a technical term signifying the practice whereby norms and values are obtained (and by the way, has nothing to do with the nationalization of industry or going out to parties). Primary socialization is an exchange of communication between infant and others, but in the first instance, and for quite a time thereafter, it is an exchange in which information in dominates: if we know who we are, it is because, a long time ago, beyond the reach of the conscious recall, other people told us (Jenkins, p.64). Primary socialization is the realm of categorization, and sets patterns for our receptiveness to being categorized in the life that follows. As a child or as an individual, I had always been dreaming of achieving a higher status or class in the society. I always sought perfection in the things that I do, and really did my best to achieve it. Sometimes, because of this quest for perfection, I tend to see the faults or errors in things, as well as in my personality. As such, I began to question the way I was raised (in a positive manner) and asked my parents how they took care of me while I was a baby. My mother recalls that she always had to play classical music for me and kept watching scientific and political news or documentaries. She also told me that she lectures about being a role model in the society while I was still in her womb, before she went to bed. Primary socialization may be informal and it may denote the elementary education that takes place mainly inside the family circle. The explicit gender roles and behaviors are primarily learned at home. When I was a child, I remember myself being curious as to what my parents were doing. I noticed that my mother usually takes care of the laundry, cooking (including the preparation of the dining table), washing of dishes, cleaning the house and planting of small plants, flowers and herbs. My father on the other hand, busies himself with the repairs in the house. He fixes or repairs the busted electric bulbs, leaking water pipes, clogged sink, damaged roof and whatever appliances which were not properly functioning. At first, I thought that these tasks were only performed in our home. However, by observing my grandparents, our neighbors and my classmates’ parents, I learned that generally, most of the males performed the tasks which my father was doing, while most of the females were doing the tasks which my mother was doing. As such, I began to understand and realize that someday, I’ll be doing tasks which are similar to the tasks done by my father. On the other hand, I had the idea that my sisters would be, someday, doing the same tasks which my mother was doing. In primary socialization, a developing child learns what behavior is â€Å"usual†, â€Å"right† or â€Å"natural† according to the norms that are present in the group in which he grows and it may be in an informal manner. This course of action points to the child’s adjustment to social life, whereby the child develops from an instinctual being to a competent and disciplined social actor who has learned to take the expectations of others into consideration. Upon growing up, emulating my father, I was able to have similar voting habits like him. During my childhood days, he was able to tell a story about his childhood life, where he usually faints in a difficult situation or get asthma instead of expressing anger. Somehow, I noticed that I am expressing the same ways of being ill as my father. I had a fight with a schoolmate once and the last thing I remember was I was already resting in a bed in the school clinic with an oxygen mask. I was not hit or physically attacked, however, the pressure or idea of getting into troubled rushed in my head causing me to panic and faint (in addition to the point that I had asthma during my childhood days). Fainting during a fight was embarrassing for a guy like me and I had to search books in order to cure which I thought before as an â€Å"incurable disease of fainting†. From my father and from the books, I learned that my response or the behavior which I exhibited earlier was normal and that it happens to most of children who are in the same situation as I do. After learning this, I was able to develop self-confidence and learned to protect myself against other children’s insults during that time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Primary socialization can also be formal, as in a school where a child is trained or educated the norms and values of those running the school (Tuckett, 2001, p.15).   Recalling the past, I learned that as long as I am doing things which are right (based from school laws and regulations), I do not have to fear my perpetuators and that I have the right to argue my ideas. Somehow, I was able to strengthen my mental and emotional abilities and soon after, my social life had gained a favorable position in the school. I was also able to gain the respect of my teachers and some school administrators. Because of this respect, I told myself to study harder and see to it that I excel academically. Education became really important to me that I devoted most of my time studying and learning things from the book, as well as from my teachers. Primary socialization includes, for example, the learning of language, the learning of relatively controlled behavior, and the learning of the ability to give and receive trust (things which I have learned from my parents or within my family). This form of socialization takes place in primary groups, for example, a family. A primary group is often defined as a group with close and diffuse relationships. The group members know each other as whole persons, and their relationships are close and emotional, although not necessarily free of conflicts (Furseth and Repstad,   2006, p.115).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     In addition to primary socialization, sociologists also consider of a secondary socialization process which functions all through a person’s life. As a new member of a medical school or of a particular medical â€Å"firm†, or as a visitor to his fiancà ©e’s parents, an individual may be socialized formally (as when a new recruit to an undergraduate society undergoes a beginning ritual or when a new patient in hospital is formally admitted to the ward).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Just like in primary socialization, secondary socialization can also be informal, by gradually attuning himself to the subtleties of meanings and actions in the new situation. The way in which recruits to occupations in medicine, the law, the army, sociology, or the administrative grades of the civil service are socialized so that they come to think, act as, and indeed â€Å"are† doctors, barristers, officers, sociologists or permanent secretaries, is a special form of secondary socialization termed professionalization.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Due to my profession, I learned to practice the professional ethics or exhibit the behaviors which are expected from a person of my status. In addition to this, it seems as if society often keeps an eye to the things which I did. My performance and my achievements (as well as some failures) were often noted by other people (especially our nosy neighbors) which made me learn or understand that I have to perform better and show a better performance. It also made me perform actions which conforms to the norms of the society and see to it that I do not violate any law which the society has set in my path.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The norms and values that exist within social groups are maintained by processes that sociologists conceived of as social control. Again, social control goes on informally as well as formally. Informal processes range form the uncomplicated fact that is generally easier to get along in a social group if deviance from norms, in what has been regarded as both a profound and a trivial demonstration. In addition to this, the concept of secondary socialization is used to illustrate groups characterized by more targeted and restricted social relations in, for example, in schools, in the office or the place where I was assigned to work in and volunteer organizations where I belong. Again, secondary socialization often takes place in secondary groups, mainly outside the family circle, which provide more limited knowledge and skills that are used to fulfill specific social roles. In these groups socialization is generally more formal, even if secondary groups also offer a great deal of informal learning. Besides receiving instruction on how to do their job according to the work description, just like when I was a newcomer in the office, I had to learn, for example, where to sit during the lunch break, in order to keep up with the role they have been assigned.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sometimes secondary and primary socialization are in conflict. This may occur in situations. This occurred when the secondary socialization in my peer groups introduced me to sub-cultural norms which were incompatible with the norms which present in my family through primary socialization. However, often more fundamental socialization processes are carried through from primary socialization into secondary socialization. One such instance, pertinent to my profession was gender socialization. Franzini et al., (1978, p. 313-314) illustrate how modeling and conditioning influences are brought to bear on young people, both within the family (primary socialization). Boys and young men (where I am included) learn to be more dominant and aggressive, and aspire to â€Å"male† occupations such as business, engineering and the sciences. Girls and young women learn to be more passive and nurturant, and aspire to â€Å"female† occupations such as teaching, social work and nursing. In this area, there is a difference between sociology and at least some disciplines within psychology. Some schools of psychology have emphasized the effects that primary socialization have for our choices later in life. Several sociologists will argue that socialization during the adult phase has a great effect. This view will allow us to claim that not only do parents socialize their children, but children also socialize their parents. For example, may religious parents have changed their views on issues such as marriage and morality, especially cohabitation and homosexuality (observed from the siblings of my neighbors), and the agents of socialization have often been their own children. Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Socialization is the communication or interaction process and can be categorized as primary and secondary socialization. Primary socialization implies the practice whereby norms and values are obtained, and can be learned formally or informally. Primary socialization consists of the learning of language of relatively controlled behavior, and of the ability to give and receive trust within the family circle. Secondary socialization on the other hand is learned outside the family and usually in schools and workplaces. Just like the primary socialization, secondary socialization can be acquired formally and informally. Primary and secondary socialization may sometimes be in conflict, where the norms and values learned in schools and in the workplaces are different from those learned within the family or inside the house. References FRANZINI, L. R., LITROWNIK, A. J. & BLANCHARD, F. H. (1978) Modelling of sex-typed behaviours: effects on boys and girls. Developmental Psychology, 14, 313-314. FURSETH, I. & REPSTAD, P. (2006) An Introduction to the Sociology of Religion, England, Ashgate Publishing Limited. GROENMAN, N. H., SLEVIN, O. D. A. & BUCKENHAM, M. A. (1992) Social and Behavioural Sciences for Nurses, Edinburgh, Campion Press Limited. TUCKETT, D. (2001) An Introduction to Medical Sociology, London, Routledge.      

To Kill A Mocking Bird themes essays

To Kill A Mocking Bird themes essays In the novel To kill a Mockingbird there are a few main themes that run throughout it. The themes are; coming of age, racism and feminism. Each of theses has a special imporance in this book and Im writing about all three in this essay. In the book there are many examples of the theme coming of age. In the book Scout does a lot of growing up from the beginning to the end. In the beginning she was immature and mischievious. She was always playing around with Jem and Dill trying to sneek a look at Boo Radley. She doesnt take the time or effort to find out who the real Boo is she just goes along with the myth that he is crazy. After Boo saves Scout and Jems lives from Bob Ewell Scout then realizes that the myths about Boo Radley are not true. In the last chapter Scout walked Boo home and reflects what it must be like to stand in his shoes and walk around in them(pg. 275). This shows Scouts coming of age. I think that the most dominant theme in the story was racism. In the trial of Tom Robinson there were many times where racism was an issue. Since Tom is black he doesnt get as fair of a trial as he should. People thought right away that he was guilty just by the color of his skin. People in that time had no respect for blacks in that time. People ordered them around like when Mayella said to Tom,I said come here niger, and bust up this chiffarobe for me.(pg.180). Another theme in the book was feminism. If you were a woman in that time there was a certain way that you were to act. If you didnt act that way, society would look at you differently. For example Scout is a tom-boy and she doesnt wear dresses like other girls, but on the first day of school she has to wear a dress because that is what girls were supposed to wear. Another way the book shows feminism is that women are not given as many rights as men. It was said There has be ...

A woman torn Professor Ramos Blog

Woman Hollering/ A woman torn Cleofilas was battling two major issues. The pressure from opposition regarding stigmas about woman in her culture and the battle between her and her husband. Cleofilas is the only girl among six brothers, her father’s only daughter. She loves her telenovelas. She romanticizes love and idealizes her future husband. Her dad gives her away after a quick engagement to Juan Pedro. Shortly after, she is shocked to learn that he is abusive. Juan Pedro starts hitting her. Cleofilas is a passionate woman. She is full of emotion and dreams. From a young age she has known she has to live up to a certain image. This story is of a woman torn. Torn between having to live up to a stereotype and having to leave her husband. Torn between knowing what Mexican culture expects of women and learning the harsh realities of her circumstances. Even though she was expected to Cleofilas still wanted to get married. She was mesmerized by the ideal of love that soured. Loving so strongly that it was them or no one. She watched the telenovelas and loved watching Lucia in her dramatic love scenes. â€Å"Somehow one ought to live one’s life like that, don’t you think?† (Cisneros 45) Cleofilas said after watching Lucia sing the song â€Å"You or no one† in her favorite telenovela. What little girl doesn’t dream of her Prince Charming and her Wedding day and her Happily ever after? This part of the expectation she could handle. However certain parts of these expectations are impossible to live up to. For example, Cleofilas is from Mexico, over there, women are supposed to strive to be perfect like the virgin Mary. They could turn into La Llorona who drowned her children, or La Malinche who betrayed her country for love. These are the stereotypes woman have, only three bad options. Not only that but when woman from Mexico get married, they are married that’s it. They must deal with it. They must stay in the marriage no matter what. Even if there is infidelity or even violence. This is impossible to achieve therefore it becomes something she battles with. Marianismo is an aspect of the female gender role in the machismo of Hispanic American Folk Culture. It is the veneration for feminine virtues like purity and moral strength. This term derives from the catholic belief in Mary, mother of Jesus as both a virgin and a mother. She became a subject of veneration and admiration. From this is derived the idea that an ideal woman should be spiritually immaculate and eternally self-giving. (Wikipedia) This is an Ideal of Mexican/Latina culture, something engrained in woman from a young age. Marianismo is heavily engrained in the culture and yet another reason why feminism is needed. Marianismo can do a lot of damage to girls and woman. â€Å"We grow up afraid to get into trouble, even if it’s for a good cause. We grow up afraid period and allow boys and men to take the lead in nearly everything.† ( hiplatina.com/marianismo) There is nothing wrong with this, only with the notion that prevents girls from knowing they can be and do other things as well. (hiplatina.com/marianismo). This article describes the role of marianismo and how it is ultimately damaging to woman. Subtly letting them know they only have one role in life. Even from a young age she would retreat to the telenovelas. She loved watching those strong women in the spotlight. But now she couldn’t have her telenovelas, they didn’t have a tv. So, she read her love story, her book was the closest thing she had. Though now and again when her husband was away, she managed to watch a few episodes that were on at Soledad’s house. At least she has these few escapes, she needs them in order to deal with her other battle. Meanwhile, she found herself literally living between loneliness and pain. Her house was between the homes of two older woman named Soledad and Delores, whose names literally mean loneliness and pain. Both these ladies had lost loved ones and were still living with faded memories of the past. This situation wasn’t only literal, it was true in every sense of the word and made the battles that much harder. She was stuck here. Fighting these battles alone. Lonely and stuck she then learned her husband hit her. â€Å"The first time it happened she was so surprised she didn’t cry out or try to defend herself†, (Cisneros 47) Cleofilas explains after he hit her for the first time. She was shocked. She stood motionless and did nothing but reach to the heat on her mouth and stare at the blood on her hand. Sometimes in the morning before he opens his eyes, she thinks how this is the man she has waited her whole life for. She makes excuses for him; she tells herself he is a good man and reminds herself why she loves him. He weeps like a child, tears of repentance and shame after each time he strikes her. At first only with his hand then later throwing a book at her. She thinks up excuses to tell the doctor about why she has all those black and blue marks everywhere. She has to psych herself up to ask her husband to take her to her doctor appointment. She doesn’t complain about the abuse, it’s almost like she just goes along with it, accepting the way it is. Its as if she’s automatically complying with role of the stereotype. People do not understand how difficult it is to escape. No one on the outside knows what is happening because the abuser has the victim trapped and alone. (www.thehotline.org) Says Francesca in her story on her own abuse on the National Domestic Violence Hotline Website. Cleofilas had the same problem. She wasn’t allowed to drive. â€Å"Because the towns here are built so that you have to depend on husbands. Or you stay home.† (Cisneros 51) She was describing her situation. Even if she wanted to leave there was no place to go. She can’t go back though, not to those never-ending chores and six good for nothing brothers. Even though her father did say he would never abandon her. What would the neighbors say? All that gossip. â€Å"Where’s your husband?†, (Cisneros 50) those women would ask in the snobby busybody way woman do. The fear of people knowing she failed was always in the back of her mind. In the doctor’s office they noticed her bruises and her tears and helped her. She was afraid of him, even that day, afraid she might get caught trying to leave. She always remembered her father would never abandon her and she is his only daughter. She knew this was her chance, that she had to go. A ride to the bus station was arranged. She can go back home now. In these moments the weight of her battles is gone. Help is all she needed. A pickup truck pulled up to pick her up, it was her ride. Felice was her name; she was so independent. She didn’t even have a husband. The pickup was hers. She picked it out and was paying for it on her own. Her language was foul too. â€Å"what kind of talk was that coming from a woman.† (Cisneros 55) Cleofilas was amazed, this woman was independent. She was not weighed down by Marianismo, she was free to be herself. As they drove over the bridge, she knew she was free. Cisneros, Sandra/ Woman Hollering Creek/ New York/ Vintage/ 1991 Blossom, Priscilla. â€Å"We need to talk about marianismo†. Hiplatina.com. N.p. 13 March 2018. Web hiplatina.com/marianismo/ 07 July 2019. Francesca. Francesca’s story. â€Å"The national domestic violence hotline†. National domestic violence hotline. 30 Sept 2013. Web. www.thehotline.org 07 July 2019 Wikipedia contributors. â€Å"Marianismo†. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Wikimedia Foundation. 14 June 2019, en.Wikipedia.org/w/index.php?tittle=marianismooldid=901848126

Investigation into the effect of Concentration on Rate of Reaction Essay Example

Investigation into the effect of Concentration on Rate of Reaction   Essay Example Investigation into the effect of Concentration on Rate of Reaction   Essay Investigation into the effect of Concentration on Rate of Reaction   Essay In this experiment, my aim is to investigate the rate of reaction time it takes for me to get 15ml of CO2 from reacting different amounts of hydrochloric acid with marble chips. I will be investigating the time differences with different amounts of acid and water.I will be collecting 15ml of CO2. I have planned a fair and safe test because without a fair test, I would get inaccurate results which would make the experiment pointless. Safety is a big factor in experiments and I will ensure I behave sensibly and wear safety glasses to protect from any spills with the acid.I will change the acid/water 4 times so I will end up with 5 results for each test.I will need the following equipment:-1) Conical Flask2) Delivery tube + Bung3) 2 measuring Cylinders4) 1 basin half full of water5) Stop Clock6) Hydrochloric Acid7) Marble chips8) Water and acidThis is the word and chemical equation for my experimentCalcium Carbonate + Hydrochloric Acid Calcium Chloride + Water + Carbon DioxideCaCO3 + H cl CaCl2 + H20 + CO2(Solid) (Aq) (Aq) (Liquid) (Gas)In my experiment, I am dealing with concentration which means the stronger the acid, the quicker the reaction. I can now predict that the quickest test will be when there is 50ml of acid and 0ml of water.I will be keeping these factors the same:-1) Amount of marble chips (5g)2) Combined amount of acid and water (50ml). (However the ratio if these 2 will change)3) Size of marble chips4) Temperature of acid (30oC)5) Same size conical flask6) Volume of gas to be collected (15ml of CO2)I will change this factor:-1) Acid content in the 50ml (I will change this 4 times)When the marble chips react with the hydrochloric acid it gives off CO2 up the measuring cylinder. I start timing when the acid is added with the marble chips and when I have collected 15ml of CO2, I stop the clock.I predict that the more Hydrochloric Acid present, the quicker the rate of reaction. I base this prediction on the collision theory because from that, I know t hat the more concentrated the acid, the more molecules present hence the more collisions. This in turn will increase the Activation Energy Level which causes more reactions and all this will ultimately result in a quicker reaction. My trial run and common scientific knowledge helped me make this prediction.I will make 6 measurements will the following acid/water concentrations.0/50 10/40 20/30 30/20 40/10 50/0For the first ratio for example, I will be using 50ml of acid and 0ml of water.1I will try to ensure my experiment goes to plan and that I have no problems or accidents. I will try to stop the clock exactly when it reaches 15ml of CO2. I will try and use marble chips that are of the same size and shape. This is vital because a bigger piece with a different shape may have a bigger surface area which means it will react quicker. Therefore, I will have to be consistent in choosing marble chips which are identical throughout the experimentIF my results do not match my prediction wh ich, is backed up with scientific knowledge, I will share results with others to see where I may have gone wrong. I will repeat the experiment once and then use both sets of results for averages.Before I started my experiment, I did a practice run to get a feel of what I would be doing in my real experiment. I found that the more acid present, the quicker the reaction. This has helped me to plan my prediction because I now know what to expect for the final outcome.ObtainingI performed a safe test with no problems or accidents occurring. I collected 2 sets of results which I put into a table.I tested 6 different concentrations and I have 2 results for each concentration.Here are my results for the 6 different concentrations:-Water/Acid0/50ml10/40ml20/30ml30/20ml40/10ml50/0ml18 seconds36 seconds52 seconds66 seconds77 seconds99 seconds22 seconds34 seconds59 seconds70 seconds80 seconds102 seconds20 seconds35 seconds55.5 seconds68 seconds78.5 seconds100.5secondsThe first row represents t he water/acid measurements.The second row represents the 1st set of results.The third row represents the 2nd set of results.The fourth row represents the averages taken from both sets.The time is measured in seconds.The measurements are taken in ml.I repeated this experiment once to get 2 sets of accurate results. However, I noticed that both sets are very similar which shows the accuracy I took with the experiment. They also back up my prediction so I feel no need to share any results with other people. I made sure I used the exact same amount of acid each time. I also made sure that I used the same size (5g) and shape marble chip for the reasons I said above I my planning. However, I realise that I cannot exactly get 5g but I made sure I got as close as possible.AnalysingIn my experiment, I have found that the reaction is quicker when there was 50ml of acid and 0ml of water which backs my prediction up perfectly.I made 3 graphs with the results I recorded and on my graphs; you can see that as the water increases, so does the time. This is apparent in all 3 graphs and it means that as I add more water, the rate of reaction is slower because I am taking HCL molecules away which slows the rate of reaction down. This fits in with my prediction and the collision theory because I have more acid molecules to react with meaning the reaction will be quicker.From scientific knowledge and my results then, I conclude then that the more acid present in the acid/water ratio, the quicker the rate of reaction.Here are the 3 graphs, 1st set, 2nd set and 3rd set (averages)EvaluatingI think that the investigation was a success because I have received accurate results without any accidents or mistakes. My results fitted in with what I expected to happen which was obviously helped with my trial run at the start. I believe the evidence I collected was accurate and as best as I could. As I stated before, there were no results that stood out in my tables which show my accuracy in t his experiment. I believe my careful and planned method was responsible for these accurate results and I think I have investigated the question quite well. However, if I had the chance, I would have maybe added more results to my method, i.e. maybe seeing how long it would take with 80ml, 100ml and even 150ml of acid. In doing this, it would have given me a wider set of results but I believe my 5 separate results were sufficient to support my prediction.I think my results support my conclusion because they both state that as I add more acid, the rate of reaction quickens. My results are reliable and I received no anomalous results. I believe this reflects on the effort I put into the investigation. One interesting thing that I noticed was that as the reaction started Hydrochloric Acid near the chips would have been depleting which means that the concentration of the acid around the chips would be less than average. One way of solving this would be to constantly stir the acid around covering the chip with new acid all the time.

Plan for Establishing a Career Development Function in an Organization Research Paper

Plan for Establishing a Career Development Function in an Organization - Research Paper Example Specifically, this paper shall be divided into three parts: firstly, a discussion on the essence of organizational and employee management as defined and explained by National Career Development Organization or NCDO; secondly, an in-depth analysis of the contents of career development and its role in attaining business objectives; and lastly, a conclusion that will synthesize all the key learning points gleaned. The National Career Development Organization (2012) claimed that the organizational and employee management had emerged as a discipline that involved â€Å"the overall arrangement of the organization and its functions, including both the long-term and short-tem identification and development of its human resources†. In this regard, all of its plans, processes, and models are in line with providing the necessary skills that its employees need to meet the current and future job demands. Thus, it could be stated that organizational and employee management is similar to strategic talent management, which aims at creating job functions that help the company realize its maximum potential. From a historical point of view, it could be said that the inception of organizational and employee management has been heavily influenced by factors such as â€Å"Increased competition for promotion, constant innovation in technology, pressures for equal employment opportunities, corporate rightsizing and restructuring, globalization of our economy, and employees’ desire to get the most out of their careers† (Powell, 2003). From a workforce perspective, it could be claimed that strategic talent management was also a product of the employer’s desire to harness their employees’ knowledge and skills, and keep those that are most valuable to the company. At this point, National Career Development Organization (2012) also wanted to emphasize the difference between career management and career development.

Reduction and erosion of legal rights to reproductive freedom Essay - 1

Reduction and erosion of legal rights to reproductive freedom - Essay Example These rights are not restricted to the right of the woman to obtain an abortion or choose. They exist at the core of a woman’s well-being and position in society. Discrimination and gender-equality, which have continued to erode the gains made by feminist groups in the 60s and 70s, harm the health of women and girls directly with neglect of their reproductive health requirements continuing to prevent them full and equal participation in society. This paper is a discussion of the reduction and erosion of legal rights to reproductive freedom. With limited access to reproductive health care, including abortion, pre-natal care, and contraception, women undergo unnecessary risk of STIs, unwanted pregnancy, and injury or death from childbirth and pregnancy. Women need to be free to make a decision on when and whether to exercise their choices sans coercion, to have children, and obtain quality health care with no regard to personal circumstances (Fried 66). Full citizenship can only occur for women if they participate equally with dignity as societal members with autonomy to chart the course of their life. The gradual erosion of reproductive rights in the U.S. has seen millions of women now going without access to affordable reproductive care (Fried 66). Any reform in reproductive laws, in the U.S., needs to include access to comprehensive and quality health care. In the past, the United States has been a global leader as far as human rights and equality are concerned with a proud and long history. However, the country now faces a crossroad in the recognition and protection of reproductive rights. Decades of progress won by grafting and bravery on female autonomy and reproductive health care are being gradually eroded. These drawbacks have been widespread and alarming with federal and state court decisions undermining the protections supported by the Roe vs. Wade case (Fried 70). Federal funding for basic reproductive health care has dropped gradually over the

Health and iPhone research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Health and iPhone research - Essay Example One of the ways in which good health care organization can be managed is through app that are available for various Smartphone technologies. The mobile devices create a convenient resource from which to keep the information about daily care with an individual at all times. The iPhone, in particular, is a device that has a wide variety of apps that can be used for health related purposes. As well, the device is designed to be user friendly, both to those using the product and those using the design possibilities for apps. In looking at a way to effectively use the device for a health care related app, the iPhone provides an easily accessed resource from which to facilitate a good design. This report looks at the feasibility of creating an app for the iPhone in which organization and information is readily available for those who must make lifestyle changes in regard to their chronic illness, either from having diabetes or high blood pressure. A literature review will look at the diseases in question and their needs, followed by an overview of the Smartphone technology. The iPhone will be examined for its history and the ways in which it has the most positive potential for such an app. Finally, the report will be an overview of a potential project looking at how the potential for such an app would have use. The aim of this report is to develop a plan for creating an iPhone application in which those who are suffering from diabetes or high blood pressure can utilize the information in an interactive environment in order to better facilitate the management of their care. The main users of such technology will be those who have diseases related to diabetes and high blood pressure, their daily monitoring possible through a system that can keep them in touch with outside resources that will aid in their care. The following literature review will look at the multiple

History of voice coil of a speaker Research Paper

History of voice coil of a speaker - Research Paper Example A voice coil in a speaker is the loop of a wire connected to the top side of a loudspeaker conduit. Its main function is to give the motive force to the conduit by use of magnetic field created by current passing through it. The common loudspeaker that is currently in use was developed in the 1920s and uses a magnetic force to move a coil that is attached to a diaphragm. Information passing capabilities of a system through a magnetic-core, memory circuits and peripheral magnetic storage and retrieval devices was a challenge that faced traditional scientists. Although the history of voice coil technologies is particularly complex and tumultuous. Voice coil has been made in linear and rotary designs, but the rotary design has become the dominant design because it requires less space (Kamm, 1996). A much less expensive mechanism is a stepper motor, in which a shaft rotates in discrete steps to new positions in response to changes in the surrounding magnetic field. The functioning of the voice coil and related associates is closely related to the history of magnetism. It is recorded that around 1820’s a scientist, Hans Christian, demonstrated that magnetism was linked to electric current through the use of a wire carrying an electric current close to a magnetic field. This caused a deflection of the compass needle, which was being used at the tim e of the experiment (Schilders, Vorst, & Rommes, 2008). It is important to note that current flows causes the emergence of a magnetic field in the neighboring field. The history of voice coil indicates how abstract scientists ideas of this device has been ongoing since the invention of magnetism. Before any concrete advances could be made utilizing magnetism, scientists needed new tools and techniques that could be used to hear sound from a speaker (Brauer, 2006). One of the challenge was an inability to construct novel experimental materials with the

UNIT 3 INDIVIDUAL PROJECT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

UNIT 3 INDIVIDUAL PROJECT - Essay Example Preferably, all of the businesses exist for profit. Upon the conceptualization and realization of the said endeavor to put up an airline business, one must recognize the market, the competency, and the problems that are to be encountered in dealing with this kind of establishment. These illustrations points out to a certain airline which penetrate the skies and continues to soar high-the Virgin Atlantic Airlines. Wikipedia (2006), described this airline as â€Å"an airline belonging to Richard Bransons Virgin Group. It operates long-haul routes between London and North America, the Caribbean, Africa, the Middle East, Asia, and Australia. Its main bases are London Heathrow (LHR) and London Gatwick (LGW). Virgin has a smaller base at Manchester Airport (MAN) serving the USA and the Caribbean. The company holds a United Kingdom Civil Aviation Authority Type- A Operating Licence, which permits it to carry passengers, cargo, and mail on aircraft with 20 or more seats.†1 With the saturation of key markets around the globe, the airline has a promising future with regards to its navigation to the skies as well as it is regarded as one of the rising competitors of major airlines in the world. If we are to look into the history of this airline, it was set-up in 1982 by a lawyer and by the former chief pilot of the laker airline. During its beginnings, the co-owner of the airline has no thorough knowledge in running a business airliner and this prompted him to outsource and pirate employees in other airlines who has the expertise and knowledge in handling activities concerning airline operations. â€Å" One of the owners got the idea of putting up the enterprise from London to the Falkland Islands in June 1982, when the Falklands War ended and there was an apparent need for such a service†2 If we are to analyze this strategy, the owners have succeeded in heir preliminary strategy and that is to move where your market is. In such a case, the target

History of voice coil of a speaker Research Paper

History of voice coil of a speaker - Research Paper Example A voice coil in a speaker is the loop of a wire connected to the top side of a loudspeaker conduit. Its main function is to give the motive force to the conduit by use of magnetic field created by current passing through it. The common loudspeaker that is currently in use was developed in the 1920s and uses a magnetic force to move a coil that is attached to a diaphragm. Information passing capabilities of a system through a magnetic-core, memory circuits and peripheral magnetic storage and retrieval devices was a challenge that faced traditional scientists. Although the history of voice coil technologies is particularly complex and tumultuous. Voice coil has been made in linear and rotary designs, but the rotary design has become the dominant design because it requires less space (Kamm, 1996). A much less expensive mechanism is a stepper motor, in which a shaft rotates in discrete steps to new positions in response to changes in the surrounding magnetic field. The functioning of the voice coil and related associates is closely related to the history of magnetism. It is recorded that around 1820’s a scientist, Hans Christian, demonstrated that magnetism was linked to electric current through the use of a wire carrying an electric current close to a magnetic field. This caused a deflection of the compass needle, which was being used at the tim e of the experiment (Schilders, Vorst, & Rommes, 2008). It is important to note that current flows causes the emergence of a magnetic field in the neighboring field. The history of voice coil indicates how abstract scientists ideas of this device has been ongoing since the invention of magnetism. Before any concrete advances could be made utilizing magnetism, scientists needed new tools and techniques that could be used to hear sound from a speaker (Brauer, 2006). One of the challenge was an inability to construct novel experimental materials with the

Traditional Hmong Ideas of Health and Life Case Study

Traditional Hmong Ideas of Health and Life - Case Study Example Their Health Belief and Practices According to Fadiman (1997), the Hmong fail to believe in Modern Medicine because of their evident distrust of hospitals, especially when a woman decides to deliver a baby at her residence with the assistance of her husband. The husband cuts the â€Å"umbirical cord† of the baby, yet he lacks satisfactory knowledge expected in that field (Fadiman, 1997). According to Hmong traditions, a woman should avoid ponds and lakes in fear of the spirits that lurk within them. Indeed, her mother in law and husband should guide her during labour. Her husband carries out succeeding births and, when a problem occurs, assistance from the third party is an option. The woman giving birth is expected to be silent irrespective of the pain she is experiencing in order not to scare the baby. Before the pregnancy a â€Å"shaman†, who is a spiritual healer, consults the expectant woman. If she has doubts on her safety at some stage while delivering, the †Å"shaman† will conduct a ritual to cast off all evil spirits the woman presumes harmful to her (Fadiman, 1997). His aides assist him as he enters into a stupor when his soul departs from him to restore the woman’s lost soul. Her freedom from the evil spirits is shown by tying strings on her wrist and a copper bracelet to protect her against bad spirits. If the woman’s child bearing is extremely painful, undertaking certain rituals is imminent; those can include: drinking water with a key in the cup to unlock the birth canal or making attached dolls of paper, then ritually cutting them to take apart the baby’s soul and that of her mother (Fadiman, 1997). Hmong women and men believe that evil spirits are liable for several sicknesses being evident in simple things, such as a fall, stolen or even traded by these spirits. According to Fadiman (2009), Lias’ parents believe that her epileptic condition happened because Lias’ older sister had slamme d the door. This resulted in her soul being frightened to the extent of escaping her body which, in turn, led to epilepsy. Hmong people believe that if the soul abandons the body, a person can become epileptic or even die. A patient’s treatment is reunification with his/her soul through a ceremony conducted by the â€Å"shaman†. The shaman will release the spirit from its world back to the body of the affected. In the case of the person’s spirit being stolen or sold, ceremonies are orchestrated to encourage the evil spirit to return the soul to her body. According to Fadiman (2009), the Lee family carried out similar acts in order to reunite Lias’ soul to her body. The distrust of the Hmong people in Western medicine brought about medical anthro by the Western world of the Hmong people. Additionally, there are beliefs associated with a child’s health concept. Children born with physical disabilities witness the fate of their former lives or that of their parents or ancestors. When there is a recurrence of a certain disease in a family, such as deafness or mental illness, they are to be suffering a curse. They assume a person’s ancestors to have mocked a person undergoing that condition prior to his/her birth. Therefore, a superior spirit forces a similar disease upon them. Hmong people consider children born with elongated head shapes are special. It is their conviction that these children have mystical powers, like anticipating the future, and are

How multi agencies work together Essay Example for Free

How multi agencies work together Essay There are many agencies that we work with to help with children and young peoples development. When we look at behavioural development, social interactions and speech development all these agencies link together. We use nursery transition days to help the child settle into their new environments and arrange intake visits and meetings with the school for a smoother transition. Social services is used if we have any concerns of a childs well being so then police and a designated social worker would also be involved. The health team are always on hand to help if any families need support with parenting or any development issues. They will then offer parents appropriate courses such as nurturing. At Playgroup we can point in the right direction of any help needed such as our family intervention officers who go into the family homes and will discuss any problems families may have. We run a language and play session which families are invited to where they can enjoy some one to one time with their child to do various activities that will enhance development and build parents confidence too. We have various teachers who can give us support too that work within flying start that can give advice on childrens development and help observe children if we feel there are any problems. Also we can offer one to one support to children if they need it as many of us have had relevant training through senco. We work with health visitors on a daily basis as they are in the same building as us. They give us all relevant information on new children due to start and if there are any concerns with children already with us. We would discuss any issues we have with any children to the designated health visitor of the child as they have all relevant information on that child. Sogs assessments are a good way to see if a child is lacking in any developmental stage and these are used to determine if any outside agencies are called in to discuss anything further. We have also worked closely with social services and have attested child protection conferences. These help us understand what is going on with the child in their home environment and will help us understand if there have been changes in the childs development at Playgroup too. We are able to keep all information confidential and it is only available to the relevant people involved. All staff are made aware of any children that are put on the child protection  list and all staff have their child protection training updated so we are aware of what we do if we are unsure of a childs well being.

Effects of Honey as a Treatment for Acne

Effects of Honey as a Treatment for Acne Kanuka Randomised Controlled Trial Critical Appraisal Acne, a common inflammatory cutaneous disease, with a recent analysis reporting an 85% prevalence in those aged between 12 and 24 years of age in the USA. A new treatment option could prove successful if alongside being efficacious avoids the many shortcomings of current treatment options e.g. antibiotics, hormone-therapy etc. These treatment options are ineffective in some sufferers, thus are untenable in improving patient care outcomes. Methodology The papers objective: To investigate the efficacy of Honevo, a topical 90% medical-grade kanuka honey, and 10% glycerine (honey product) as a treatment for facial acne, is a strong foundation whereupon to run a trial. Establishing inclusion criteria prior to participant selection optimise the overall validity; the criteria comprises of a clinical diagnosis of acne and a score of two or more on a Investigators Global Assessment (IGA) scale. Conversely participant exclusion criteria was extensive, being clearly delineated, precluding sufferers with systemic illness, those currently or recently taking topical corticosteroids and antibiotics in the previous 4 weeks. There were 136 selected participants between the ages of 16 40, who were randomised to the honey product group arms using a concealed computer-generated sequence, this randomisation algorithm was used to eliminate bias, accidental or otherwise. Opaque envelopes were used to preserve participant allocation concealment, thus preventing researchers influencing outcomes through preceding knowledge of research outcomes. Furthermore, potential for bias was minimised by having a second investigator perform the IGA at each visit without knowledge of participant treatment allocation. In my opinion the sample size seems sufficient, the size allows for equal randomisation to both treatment arms. Furthermore, recruitment of 136 participants allows for a build-in quantity to account for a 10% dropout rate, accounting for up to 13.6 (14) withdrawals. The study has predetermined specific criteria that it will use to define success when considering the primary outcome aim, the researchers defines success as a à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¥2 point decrease in IGA score from baseline at 12à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¦weeks. There were also several secondary outcomes, summarised as follows: the average IGA score at weeks 12 and 14;an overall change in acne using a visual analogue scale (VAS); overall VAS severity at week 4 when contrasted to baseline; applications per day; weekly-reported severity using a VAS scale; and withdrawing participation should acne worsen. RCTs have several points of interest when contrasted with other study types, commonly allowing for optimal assessment of efficacy, randomisation to abstain from confounding the results, and minimisation of bias by allocation disguise and blinding. The kanuka-based treatment has an intrinsic impediment in its appearance and smell; the innate restriction of this study prevented comprehensive blinding of members and researchers, which diminishes the studies adequacy when contrasted with comparable RCTs. This issue was tempered by blinding the researchers in charge of measuring the primary result variable. The blinding of the assessors producing the results considered allowed for the avoidance of assessment bias. By providing a thorough methodology section, this research is reproducible, this was done by providing the treatment regime, number of assessments conducted, and the interval between these assessments. It is stated by the author that the setting was Outpatient primary care from 3 New Zealand localities, albeit rather vague as New Zealand covers a wide area. The issue of adherence and compliance in this study was addressed, treatment constituted twice daily application to affected areas for 30 and 60 minutes. Participant adherence was important, this is supported via daily recording of applications with a check for diary completeness at each visit. Outcomes The researchers calculated 80% power at 5% significance to detect an absolute difference of 25% responders. It is therefore possible to infer that the study had an 80% chance of identifying any treatment effect, with less than a 5% risk that this was due to chance. The primary outcome of participants showing a à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¥2 improvement in IGA assessment at week 12 reveals that only a very small proportion of participants showed an improvement. Compared with baseline only, or the Hodges-Lehmann estimator with 95% Confidence Limit showed a 4.2 (0.5 to 39.3), with a p=0.17; in the honey product group there were 4/53 (7.6%) participants and 1/53 (1.9%) participants in the control group who met the primary outcome. Participant withdrawal must be considered, with 15 and 14 participants who withdrew from the honey product group and control group, respectively. The outcomes at week 12 show marginal improvement in the honey product group compared to the control group. This is shown in the proportional odds logistic regression for the IGA score at week 12, which estimated the OR (95% Cl) for improvement of 1.4 (0.7 to 2.9), p=0.33, without adjustment for baseline, and 2.0 (CI 0.9 to 4.2), p=0.075, after adjustment. In regards to daily self-reported use of treatment, it was found that using the The Hodges-Lehmann estimate (95% Cl), between the two study groups was à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢7 (à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢13 to à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢1), p=0.01, with honey product users having less applications. When considering the IGA results, there is a prominent difference in the responses amongst the participants, some participant results would indicate a worsening of symptoms. When considering whether the secondary outcomes were efficacious there was no evidence found to support the use of the honey based product as a treatment option. Subject-rated improvement according to a VAS at both weeks 4 and 12 was better overall for the honey treatment. Bias is an issue with the VAS as it wasnt possible to mask which participants were using the honey based treatment. There may be a type 1 error rate inflation with this variable as it was also an outcome other secondary outcome variables. Conclusions This study has given a sound premise to methodological and factual contemplations that will be worthwhile for planning comparative studies, maybe helping in defeating the inadequacies inside this study. When contrasted with current treatment options, this study doesnt give much evidentiary support to the therapeutic utilization of kanuka honey with 10% glycerine in the treatment of acne. Advances within this field are fundamental for improving patient care, in my opinion I would recommend waiting until further research has been conducted contrasting kanuka as a treatment alternative against other treatment choices. Word Count: 1085 I am aware of the requirements of good academic practice and the potential penalties for any breaches.

Statement of Educational Goals and Philosophy Essay -- Philosophy of E

Statement of Educational Goals and Philosophy As children we have many goals and dreams. Eventually, the time comes when we have to make a career decision based on our interests and goals. The choices that we make now will have a lasting effect on our lives. Like most college students I have explored many career options, but I am always lead back to the education field. Teachers have a very difficult job because they have the power to shape and inspire our future nation. Although that can be an intimidating and often scary thought, it also gives me inspiration to move ahead in pursuing my goal of becoming a teacher. I have always had a passion for children. There is nothing like watching a child grow and watching their mind expand as they learn. Teachers play such an important role in a child’s life. They are often the only one who is there to encourage and support them. If I can make a difference in only one child’s life, then I will have fulfilled my purpose of becoming a teacher. Teaching is not only about standing in front of a classroom and showing children how to work a math problem. It involves a whole different element of modeling for children morals such as respect for oneself as well as others, self-discipline, and a positive self-concept. There are many different personalities and levels of learning in a classroom. As a teacher, I plan to know each of my students personality, learning style, and academic level so that I can conform to these needs and create the best learning environment possible for all of my students. The definition of knowledge is the fact or condition of knowing something with familiarity gained through experience or association. The nature of... ...ssignments efficiently. I plan to graduate from Concord in the Spring 2004. After graduation, I plan to enter the masters program at either Concord or West Virginia University. At some point in my career I plan to continue my education and obtain my doctorate in education. The teaching profession offers many benefits in its teacher union, so I plan to join the teacher’s union wherever I will be employed. Teaching is a very rewarding career. I am very excited about completing my education and going into my own classroom. I hope that I can inspire my students and be a positive role model in their life. I want to be an effective teacher who brings out the best in my students; I want to show my students that they can do anything they put their mind to and I want to give them the confidence and the ambition to achieve their goals.

Guilt in Macbeth Essay -- Macbeth essays

Guilt in Macbeth      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There is a large burden of guilt carried by Lady Macbeth and Macbeth in Shakespeare's tragedy Macbeth. Let's look at this situation closely in the following essay.    Fanny Kemble in "Lady Macbeth" asserts that Lady Macbeth was unconscious of her guilt, which nevertheless killed her:    A very able article, published some years ago in the National Review, on the character of Lady Macbeth, insists much upon an opinion that she died of remorse, as some palliation of her crimes, and mitigation of our detestation of them. That she died of wickedness would be, I think, a juster verdict. Remorse is consciousness of guilt . . . and that I think Lady Macbeth never had; though the unrecognized pressure of her great guilt killed her. (116-17)    In "Memoranda: Remarks on the Character of Lady Macbeth," Sarah Siddons mentions the guilt and ambition of Lady Macbeth and their effect:    [Re "I have given suck" (1.7.54ff.)] Even here, horrific as she is, she shews herself made by ambition, but not by nature, a perfectly savage creature. The very use of such a tender allusion in the midst of her dreadful language, persuades one unequivocally that she has really felt the maternal yearnings of a mother towards her babe, and that she considered this action the most enormous that ever required the strength of human nerves for its perpetration. Her language to Macbeth is the most potently eloquent that guilt could use.   (56)    Clark and Wright in their Introduction to The Complete Works of William Shakespeare explain how guilt impacts Lady Macbeth:    Having sustained her weaker husband, her own strength gives way; and in sleep, when her will cannot control her thoughts, she is ... ...1957.    Frye, Northrop. Fools of Time: Studies in Shakespearean Tragedy. Toronto, Canada: University of Toronto Press, 1967.    Kemble, Fanny. "Lady Macbeth." Macmillan's Magazine, 17 (February 1868), p. 354-61. Rpt. in Women Reading Shakespeare 1660-1900. Ann Thompson and Sasha Roberts, eds. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 1997.    Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Macbeth. http://chemicool.com/Shakespeare/macbeth/full.html, no lin.    Siddons, Sarah. "Memoranda: Remarks on the Character of Lady Macbeth." The Life of Mrs. Siddons. Thomas Campbell. London: Effingham Wilson, 1834. Rpt. in Women Reading Shakespeare 1660-1900. Ann Thompson and Sasha Roberts, eds. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 1997.    Wilson, H. S. On the Design of Shakespearean Tragedy. Toronto, Canada: University of Toronto Press, 1957.

Changing Paradigms of Rebranding Strategies

According to the AMA (American Marketing Association), Brand is a name, term, sign, symbol, design, or a combination of all used to uniquely identify a producer’s goods and services and differentiate them from competitors. Specifically, a brand is a name â€Å"yahoo. com† logo, jingle ‘bus 2 minutes’, â€Å"Maggie†, slogan ‘sense and simplicity’, â€Å"PHILIPS†, package design, spokesperson, color Red color,† Vodafone† which consumers associate with a specific product. REBRANDING-WHAT IS IT?Rebranding occurs when a product or service developed with one brand, company or product line affiliation is marketed or distributed with a new and different identity. It is usually more than simply a change in brand’s logo and other superficial changes and should involve radical changes to the brand name, image marketing strategy and advertising themes. In order to complete Rebranding, several areas should be reviewed includ ing positioning, personality, cluster of values, logo, company, identity and vision prior to the building of a brand.Rebranding can take place for a new product, a mature product, or even developing products. In some cases, a total rebrand may not be necessary but rather a partial rebrand. When a brand has been firmly established but may be outdated or needs refreshing due to new products or services, partial Rebranding may be more appropriate. It is critical that the brand value that’s been developed over the years not be eliminated. Subtle changes to update it may be all that is necessary to get the message across and revitalize sales.It is important to differentiate between Rebranding of a product versus repositioning of a product. Repositioning may involve a change in any of the marketing mix elements in an effort to respond to declining sales or market share. The goal in repositioning is to target existing products at new markets or segments. Repositioning may be part of Rebranding campaign. In contrast, Rebranding should involve a total change to fundamental company elements such as mission statements, values and widely recognized logos in an effort to have the company’s brand accurately reflect what it offers.WHEN SHOULD REBRANDING OCCURS: Rebranding is appropriate and essential under several circumstances in order to ensure success in product and service delivery. Often, a company has adapted their products to keep competitive in the marketplace to the extent the company’s brand may no longer accurately reflect what if offers. In this case, a major brand overhaul is necessary. A large quantity of acquisitions or merging of companies may require Rebranding in order to adequately reflect the new, large company.When is Rebranding necessary? DRIVERS OF REBRANDING: The two major reasons of rebranding are: corporate restructuring and modifying the external perceptions. The following text highlights more drivers that call for rebranding e xercise: †¢ Outliving the usefulness: Sometimes, a brand might outlive the purpose for which it was created. In such a scenario, it is more suitable to change the name of brand and then continue or prune the product depending upon the market requirement. Values change: Sometimes, the value that promoters want to display to the audience through the brands change, and that is why they decide to change the brand name as well. †¢ Mergers and acquisitions: Cases like the merger and acquisitions force the corporates to dawn a new identity for themselves, as it was seen in the case of Air Deccan and Kingfisher. However, while conducting the rebranding exercise, the companies should conduct a thorough analysis of the values and the attributes for which the brand name of the merging companies stand for and then only a new name should be adopted or the old one should be changed. Confused brands: In the case of UTI bank which changed its name to Axis bank, the brand UTI was associate d with many other instituted in different streams financial strength, had to go for rebranding. CONSIDERATIONS FOR REBRANDING: †¢ Through analysis of the target market: A company indulging in a rebranding exercise will not like to indulge into the exercise at the cost of its existing customers. Therefore, a thorough analysis of the profile of the existing customers is warranted. The rebranding exercise may attract new segments of the market but should not drive away the existing segments being served by the market. Nature of brand equity: A thorough analysis of brand equity and the nature of its standing in the eyes of its stakeholders should be conducted before going for dropping an already well established name, because if the new name fails to live up to the expectations of the stakeholders, it may result in a huge loss in terms of the sales and goodwill of the firm and through these two elements, on the value of the firm. †¢ Project Management: It is generally the mark eting department who takes up the leadership role in implementing the rebranding exercise and tries to seek out and surmount the challenges ahead.However, in many cases, it is the board of directors with the external ad agency who decide upon the rebranding exercise and implement it. †¢ Staff Involvement : The staff involvement is seen at various levels of the organization and they are basically consulted to suggest and brain storm on the new brand name and the like. †¢ Customer Involvement: Though not many organizations go for customer feedback before rebranding themselves, feedback is sought in a more subtle and discreet way from the customers. Since confidentially is a concern for such an exercise, the rebranding campaign was not made more broad based.OBSTACLES: †¢ Time consuming: Most of the organizations found brand building time consuming and they failed to estimate the exact time for conducting the exercise. †¢ Internal Resistance: Employee morale is great ly affected by the attitudes associated with the organization they work with, so many a times a change in brand name greatly affects their motivation and willingness to work for their responses. PREREQUISITES OF A SUCCESSFUL REBRANDING EXERCISE. †¢ Clear Vision: The top management should have a clear vision about the organization and the direction in which it wants to take the organization.It also should have a fair idea as to what does it want to achieve through the rebranding exercise. †¢ Engagement of staff: The staff should be engaged at all levels across the organization to have a feeling or unanimity and oneness towards the entire exercise. †¢ Thorough Planning: The rebranding exercise should be thoroughly planned and if need be, contingency plans should be prepared for any crisis. Rebranding is a difficult exercise to execute and it requires a lot of planning and a very minute detailed setting of goals and milestones in the execution phase to ensure the smooth implementation of the rebranding exercise. Adequate Resources: Adequate resources should be provided to the organization in terms of manpower, money and other resources. The complexity in execution; especially in the communication process calls for expert intervention in the entire process and the dispassionate observation and wide knowledge of the experts becomes a necessary in such projects. †¢ Communication: The communication with the stake holders should be consistent, clear and multilateral to win their confidence towards the entire exercise. Impact on the Financial Markets: A firm exists for the maximization of shareholders wealth and it is therefore very important for the organization, to study the short term impact of the rebranding exercise on the financial markets and the organization should plan as to how it is going to deal with the short term impacts on the stock market prices of the rebranding exercise. TYPES OF REBRANDING EXERCISE: 1) Reiterating: These companies need not change their brand name, their names are strong enough and the brand essence has not changed over a period of years. ) Renaming: Some companies may go for renaming themselves to display the change in the ownership structure and to reflect the new owner’s identity in the name or the logo of the company. 3) Redefining: Some companies may go for redefining the qualities and attributes attached to it. It is done to give the company a new direction and also convey to the stake holders a change in the ownership pattern and the new direction of the company. 4) Restarting: These organizations feel a need not only to change the attributes attached to their brands but also the brand names ltogether. This happens when an existing brand departs from or enters into a new product line. 5) Abstract Brand Name: Companies normally go for an abstract brand name, because their abstraction lends them the flexibility of getting associated with other products also. Moreover, it is also s een that service organizations prefer more abstract names as they want to convey more complex messages than the product based organizations. REBRANDING SUCCESS: Several well-known companies have attempted Rebranding in recent years.In some cases the Rebranding effort has been all encompassing for the company and in other cases a few changes were all that were necessary in order to ensure success. Hindustan Unilever limited: Hindustan Lever, a 51. 6 per cent subsidiary of Unilever plc formed in 1956, is the largest FMCG Company in India. It operates in two segments — home and personal care products such as soaps, detergents, oral care products, hair care products, skin care products, cosmetics, deodorants and fragrances, and food and beverages such as tea, coffee, wheat flour, salt, ice creams and culinary products.With a turnover of over US$ 2200 million in 2003, HLL employs over 40,000 people across the country. Coca-Cola India: Coca-Cola is a leading player in the Indian be verage market with a 60 per cent share in the carbonated soft drinks segment, 36 per cent share in fruit drinks segment and 33 per cent share in the packaged water segment. In 2004, Coca-Cola sold 7 billion packs of its brands to more than 230 million consumers across 4,700 towns and 175,000 villages. The company has doubled its volumes and trebled its profits between 2001 and 2004. Coca-Cola continues to re-affirm its commitment to India through active ‘Citizenship Efforts. All its plants in India partner with local NGOs to alleviate local community issues in numerous small ways. It boasts of impeccable credentials on quality. Coca-Cola has succeeded in spite of an extremely price-sensitive consumer with entrenched beverage consumption habits – tea, nimbu-paani (lemonade) and a fragmented and geographically dispersed retail market, and a high tax environment. Intel India: Intel India was established in 1988 in Bangalore, and has now grown to include the maximum number of Intel divisions in any country outside the United States.India’s increasing IT and engineering talent pool, has ensured that the majority of work done at Intel India is software and hardware engineering; and has also established the Intel India Design Centre, as Intel’s largest non-manufacturing site internationally. Intel has over 2,000 employees, of whom 1,200 work at the development centre. Significant market development groups include education and Intel Capital, which helps Intel make strategic investments in technology and online start-ups. Intel has invested US$ 60 million in infrastructure in India. REBRANDING FAILURES:For every successful Rebranding story, there is at least one corresponding failure. The example given below outlines some of the reasons why Rebranding does not always succeed. New Coke: One of the most infamous rebranding failure stories in history is that of New Coke. On April 23, 1985, Coca-Cola Company took one of its biggest risks by anno uncing it was changing the formula for the world’s most popular soft drink. The outcry which followed was heard around the world. The motivation behind the formula change was a shrinking market share which the company believed to be the results of its arch rival Pepsi-Cola.During the 1970’s, the â€Å"Pepsi Challenge† campaign seemed to erode the coke market even further. The company felt compelled to do something as it appeared consumers; particularly the baby boomer market, had a preference for sweeter drinks. Coke experimented with a new sweeter formula and market tests indicated the new formula was preferred overwhelmingly to both regular Coke and Pepsi. A first hint of pending disaster was when focus groups indicated indignation upon finding out they were tasting a possible new Coca-Cola and threatened to stop drinking coke altogether.Nevertheless, the company relied heavily on the market analysis and research and launched new coke in April of 1985. Initial results were promising but the backlash that followed almost took the company down. The company did not factor in the rich, cultural history tied to the original coke. Even though taste tests continued to indicate a preference for the sweeter drink, brand loyalty was staunch for the classic coke and consumers boycotted the new coke as a result. With in 3 months, coca-cola was forced to bring back classic coke, which resulted in a resurgence of sales to bring coca-cola to the fore front once again.Eventually, New Coke became Coke II and is virtually unavailable in distribution today. So what went wrong? Research was extensive, leadership supported the rebranding and an extensive advertising campaign was launched. Perhaps the company should have listened to that minority segment in the focus groups who were offended that Coca-Cola would even think about changing its formula(which it actually did any way when it changed from a sugar sweetness to a more inexpensive high fructose corn s yrup sweetener). This was a hint of the cultural backlash that would result, particularly from the southern U.S. where coke was a part of the regional identity. Perhaps the launch was not successfully implemented. Pepsi was able to strategically maneuver advertising by claiming they had won the cola wars prior to the official launch of New Coke. In addition, Coca-Colas CEO was unprepared for the â€Å"launching news conference resulting in alienation of reporters. He could not answer simple questions about the taste change. What ever the reason New Coke is now history and coke classic with other coke products maintain a lead in overall sales.Volume for the classic brand has risen 24 percent since 1984 making it the No. 1 soft drink in the land since 1987. It is interesting how loyal consumers can be to a brand once you take it away temporarily. The rebranding failure actually led to revitalization of the existing brand and a newfound respect by company leadership for the â€Å"cul ture† surrounding the original Coca-Cola product. MISTAKES MADE WHEN REBRANDING: †¢ Lack of True Change: It is important to remember that rebranding signals change. Your brand is more than your logo or corporate colors.Simply repacking the goods and providing some new designs will not get results you need. Putting a new cover on an old book doesn’t make it new. Brands include every thing from customer perception and experience to quality, look and feel, customer care and retail and web environments. Make sure the changes instilled are all encompassing or customers will catch on quick and make a fast departure. †¢ Lack of Quality Research: Research is required in order to be able to establish a plan for rebranding. Current and prospective customers must be involved when creating solutions.Knowing customer attitudes and desires is essential in order to deliver the product they want in the way they want it delivered. In addition, research should be interpreted cu rrently or the rebranding efforts can take a wrong direction. Coca-cola performed extensive research but discounted a portion of it which ultimately became very important foreshadowing of things to come. †¢ Ignoring Brand Equity: By ignoring existing brand equity when rebranding, a company faces the risk of alienating and subsequently losing existing loyal customers. This was evident during the attempted rebranding of coke.The company assumed all customers would like and want the taste of new coke because they didn’t understand the extent of the current brand loyalty. AT & T took this into consideration after merging with Southwestern Bell to ensure customers were comfortable and unconcerned about any loss of service. †¢ Basing Rebranding on Advertising: Just as rebranding is not simply repacking the product, neither is it simply the advertising campaign. Brand strategy should be the core item leading advertising; advertising should not lead brand strategy.Interesti ngly, some rebranding efforts may not include traditional advertising. Make sure the rebranding campaign is more than advertising or nothing will change for the company. †¢ Inability to Analyze the Positioning: The literature revealed that ‘Repositioning’ is one of the most important drivers for rebranding. Positioning is not what company does with the product; it’s all about what they do with the mind of the target audience, and what customers think about the company. So, it is vital for rebranding to clarify and refine the positioning.Both the present as well as desired positioning of the company should be apparent. †¢ Lack of Top Level Support: Even though the rebranding may be born in the marketing department, it should be owned and supported by the top level managers especially the CEO. The CEO (Chief Executive Officer) is the only authority who can drive change in all the functional areas across the organization. The CEO needs to set the vision an d lead rebranding to ensure that Product, Service & People are aligned and determined to deliver the implied promises through rebranding. CONCLUSION:As branding trends continue to evolve, rebranding success seems to depend on the ability to adapt to the rapidly evolving media environment and taking advantage of new opportunities to reach the target audience. In order to remain competitive, companies will need to embrace â€Å"hot† media to spread the message to younger and techsavvy customers. New methods include blogs, pod casts, mobile phone-based programming, and social networks. However, a balance must be maintained with traditional methods of media in order to reach and retain the existing customer base. In order to rebrand successfully, key steps need to be taken in the process.Companies who embrace the elements of rebranding usually are able to obtain their goals. Companies who fail to address all of the elements of rebranding often make mistakes and succumb to failure . So does rebranding work? Yes, and NO. It works when it is based on quality information, has the support of leadership and employees, is well-planned, provide adequate training, is integrated throughout the whole company, has a well-balanced multi-media advertising campaign that communicates the brand message consistently across multiple platforms, is customer driven, and is evaluated on an on-going basis to determine if alterations are need.When these elements are not present, the chance of rebranding success diminishes rapidly. EXHIBITS |IBM | |Old |New | |[pic] |[pic] | Hindustan Lever Limited |Hindustan Unilever Limited | |Old |New | |[pic] |[pic] | Indian post | |Old |New | |[pic] |[pic] | [pic] [pic] [pic] PHILIPS | |Old |New | |[pic] |[pic] | |COMPAQ | |Old |New | |[pic] |[pic] | HUTCH |Vodafone | |Old |New | |[pic] |[pic] | |APPLE | |Old |New | |[pic] |[pic] | KFC | |Old |New | |[pic] |[pic] | | AIWA | |Old |New | |[pic] |[pic] | KODAK | |Old |New | |[pic] |[pic] | |SATYAM |MAHINDRA SATYAM | |Old |New | |[pic] |[pic] | VIDEOCON | |Old |New | |[pic] |[pic] | |CANARA BANK | |Old New | |[pic] |[pic] | |JET AIRWAYS | |Old |New | |[pic] |[pic] | BANK OF BARODA | |Old |New | |[pic] |[pic] | RELIANCE | |Old |New | |[pic] |[pic] | [pic] BIBLIOGRAPHY: †¢ Kotler, Keller, Koshy, Jha. â€Å"Marketing Management†, 13th Edition, Pearson Education. YLR Moorthi, â€Å"Brand Management, The Indian Context†,2006, Vikas publishing house pvt ltd. †¢ Bhavishya, The journal of futuristic managers, Jan-Mar 2008. †¢ Dr. M. A. Azeem, Prof. T. Venkat Ram Raj, December-2008,†Rebranding – A business imperative†, Indian Journal of Marketing, Page no: 15-21. †¢ M. Saeed, Ravinder vinayek, Narender kumar, September-2008, â€Å"Rebranding: An emerging brand marketing strategy (Trends, Issues and challenges)†, Indian Journal of Marketing, Page no: 3-10.WEBLIOGRAPHY: †¢ http://blong. styleap ple. com †¢ http://images. google. co. in/imgres? imgurl=http://remade. files. wordpress. com/2008/01/canarabankbeforeafter. jpg †¢ http://www. mobilepandit. com/2005/12/07/rebranding-reliance-infocom †¢ www. thehindubussinessline. com ———————– Change in Service Name Change Change in Product Acquisitions & Mergers Change in market Place New Product Launch Rebranding